Occurrence and removal of selected polycyclic musks in two sewage treatment plants in Xi’an, China

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Yongxiang Ren (1471)
  Kai Wei (1471)
  Hua Liu (1471)
  Guoqiang Sui (1471)
  Junping Wang (1471)
  Yanjun Sun (2471)
  Xiaohui Zheng (1471)
  
• 关键词：polycyclic musk ; sewage ; tonalide (AHTN) ; galaxolide (HHCB) ; removal efficiency ; adsorption
• 刊名：Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：April 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：7
• 期：2
• 页码：166-172
• 全文大小：209KB
• 参考文献：1. Reiner J L, Berset J D, Kannan K. Mass flow of polycyclic musks in two wastewater treatment plants. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2007, 52(4): 451-57 CrossRef
  2. Kallenborn R, Gatermann R, Planting S, Rimkus G G, Lund M, Schlabach M, Burkow I C. Gas chromatographic determination of synthetic musk compounds in Norwegian air samples. Journal of Chromatography A, 1999, 846(1-): 295-06 CrossRef
  3. Stevens J L, Northcott G L, Stern G A, Tomy G T, Jones K C. PAHs, PCBs, PCNs, organochlorine pesticides, synthetic musks, and polychlorinated n-alkanes in U.K. sewage sludge: survey results and implications. Environmental Science & Technology, 2003, 37(3): 462-67 CrossRef
  4. Peck A M, Hornbuckle K C. Synthetic musk fragrances in Lake Michigan. Environmental Science & Technology, 2004, 38(2): 367-72 CrossRef
  5. Duedahl-Olesen L, Cederberg T, Pedersen K H, H?jg?rd A. Synthetic musk fragrances in trout from Danish fish farms and human milk. Chemosphere, 2005, 61(3): 422-31 CrossRef
  6. Rimkus G G, Wolf M. Polycyclic musk fragrances in human adipose tissue and human milk. Chemosphere, 1996, 33(10): 2033-043 CrossRef
  7. Kannan K, Reiner J L, Yun S H, Perrotta E E, Tao L, Johnson-Restrepo B, Rodan B D. Polycyclic musk compounds in higher trophic level aquatic organisms and humans from the United States. Chemosphere, 2005, 61(5): 693-00 CrossRef
  8. Raab U, Preiss U, Albrecht M, Shahin N, Parlar H, Fromme H. Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, organochlorine compounds and nitro musks in mother’s milk from Germany (Bavaria). Chemosphere, 2008, 72(1): 87-4 CrossRef
  9. Balk F, Ford R A. Environmental risk assessment for the polycyclic musks AHTN and HHCB in the EU: I. Fate and exposure assessment. Toxicology Letters, 1999, 111(1-): 57-9 CrossRef
  10. Eschke H D, Dibowski H J, Traud J. Determination of polycyclic musk flavors in human fat and milk by using selective ion trap GC/MS/MS. Deutsche Lebensmittel-Rundschau, 1995, 91(12): 375-79
  11. Heberer T. Occurrence, fate, and assessment of polycyclic musk residues in the aquatic environment of Urban areas-a review. Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica, 2002, 30(5-): 227-43 CrossRef
  12. Esehke H D. Synthetic Musks in Different Water Matrices. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 2004, 3X, Berlin: Springer
  13. Ricking M, Schwarzbauer J, Hellou J, Svenson A, Zitko V. Polycyclic aromatic musk compounds in sewage treatment plant effluents of Canada and Sweden-first results. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2003, 46(4): 410-17 CrossRef
  14. Minstry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China. Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB 18918-2002). Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 2002 (in Chinese)
  15. Zeng X Y, Sheng G Y, Gui H Y, Chen D H, Shao W L, Fu J M. Preliminary study on the occurrence and distribution of polycyclic musks in a wastewater treatment plant in Guandong, China. Chemosphere, 2007, 69(8): 1305-311 CrossRef
  16. Zhou H D, Huang X, Gao M J, Wang X L, Wen X H. Distribution and elimination of polycyclic musks in three sewage treatment plants of Beijing, China. Journal of Environmental Sciences-China, 2009, 21(5): 561-67 CrossRef
  17. Lv Y, Yuan T, Hu J Y, Wang W H. Seasonal occurrence and behavior of synthetic musks (SMs) during wastewater treatment process in Shanghai, China. Science of the Total Environment, 2010, 408(19): 4170-176 CrossRef
  18. Dsikowitzky L, Schwarzbauer J, Littke R. Distribution of polycyclic musks in water and particulate matter of the Lippe River (Germany). Organic Geochemistry, 2002, 33(12): 1747-758 CrossRef
  19. Yang J J, Metcalfe C D. Fate of synthetic musks in a domestic wastewater treatment plant and in an agricultural field amended with biosolids. Science of the Total Environment, 2006, 363(1-): 149-65 CrossRef
  20. Simonich S L, Begley W M, Deabere G, Eckhoff W S. The analysis of fragrance materials in wastewater and treated wastewater. Environ Sci Technol, 2000, 34(6): 959-65 CrossRef
  21. Bester K. Retention characteristics and balance assessment for two polycyclic musk fragrances (HHCB and AHTN) in a typical German sewage treatment plant. Chemosphere, 2004, 57(8): 863-70 CrossRef
  22. Artola-Garicano E, Hermens J L M, Vaes W H J. Evaluation of Simple Treat 3.0 for two hydrophobic and slowly biodegradable chemicals: polycyclic musks HHCB and AHTN. Water Research, 2003, 37(18): 4377-384 CrossRef
  
• 作者单位：Yongxiang Ren (1471)
  Kai Wei (1471)
  Hua Liu (1471)
  Guoqiang Sui (1471)
  Junping Wang (1471)
  Yanjun Sun (2471)
  Xiaohui Zheng (1471)
  
  1471. Key Laboratory of Northwestern Water Resource and Environment Ecology (Ministry of Education), Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, 710055, China
  2471. Kaidi Northwest Rubber Co. Ltd., Xianyang, 712023, China
  
• ISSN：2095-221X

文摘

Polycyclic musks are widely used for cosmetics and other personal care and household cleaning products. The occurrence and removal of two representative polycyclic musks, galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) were investigated in three different processes of two sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Xi’an, China. The samples were preconcentrated by solid phase extraction procedure and analyzed using a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) by a modified procedure. The HHCB was in the range of 82.8 to 182.5 ng·L? in the influents and 22.6 to 103.9 ng·L? in the effluents. The AHTN ranged from 11.0 to 19.3 ng·L? in the influents and 2.2 to 8.8 ng·L? in the effluents. The removal efficiency of the two musks varied in the ranges of 43.1%-0.4% for HHCB and 54.2%-4.4% for AHTN. Concentrations of the two musks in aqueous phase of three processes slightly increased along the primary process, and significantly removed during the biologic treatment processes, revealing that the selected musks could be remarkably removed in varied activated sludge processes. Advanced processes of activated sludge did not show a significant superiority on selected musk removal compared to the conventional process. The selected musk removal mainly resulted from the adsorption function of activated sludge. There was no significant change of HHCB/AHTN ratios along the treatment flow, indicating that each sewage treatment structure had a similar removal efficiency for the two musks.