Characteristics, sources and health risk assessment of toxic heavy metals in PM2.5 at a megacity of southwest China

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• 作者：Youping Li ; Zhisheng Zhang ; Huifang Liu ; Hong Zhou…
• 关键词：PM2.5 ; Toxic heavy metals ; Health risk assessment ; Sources ; Chengdu
• 刊名：Environmental Geochemistry and Health
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：April 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：38
• 期：2
• 页码：353-362
• 全文大小：736 KB
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• 作者单位：Youping Li (1) (2)
  Zhisheng Zhang (3)
  Huifang Liu (2)
  Hong Zhou (2)
  Zhongyu Fan (2)
  Mang Lin (4)
  Dalei Wu (5)
  Beicheng Xia (1)
  
  1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
  2. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, China
  3. South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China
  4. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
  5. Center for Environmental Economics and Policy Research, Guangdong Academy of Social Science, Guangzhou, 510610, China
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Earth sciences
  Geochemistry
  Atmospheric Protection, Air Quality Control and Air Pollution
  Public Health
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-2983

文摘

Twenty trace elements in fine particulate matters (i.e., PM<sub>2.5sub>) at urban Chengdu, a southwest megacity of China, were determined to study the characteristics, sources and human health risk of particulate toxic heavy metals. This work mainly focused on eight toxic heavy metal elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn). The average concentration of PM<sub>2.5sub> was 165.1 ± 84.7 µg m−3 during the study period, significantly exceeding the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (35 µg m−3 in annual average). The particulate heavy metal pollution was very serious in which Cd and As concentrations in PM<sub>2.5sub> significantly surpassed the WHO standard. The enrichment factor values of heavy metals were typically higher than 10, suggesting that they were mainly influenced by anthropogenic sources. More specifically, the Cr, Mn and Ni were slightly enriched, Cu was highly enriched, while As, Cd, Pb and Zn were severely enriched. The results of correlation analysis showed that Cd may come from metallurgy and mechanical manufacturing emissions, and the other metals were predominately influenced by traffic emissions and coal combustion. The results of health risk assessment indicated that As, Mn and Cd would pose a significant non-carcinogenic health risk to both children and adults, while Cr would cause carcinogenic risk. Other toxic heavy metals were within a safe level.