Learning from other diseases: protection and pathology in chronic fungal infections

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• 作者：Teresa Zelante ; Giuseppe Pieraccini ; Lucia Scaringi…
• 关键词：Mycobiome ; Fungal infection ; Kynurenine ; IDO ; AhR
• 刊名：Springer Seminars in Immunopathology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：March 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：38
• 期：2
• 页码：239-248
• 全文大小：615 KB
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• 作者单位：Teresa Zelante (1)
  Giuseppe Pieraccini (2)
  Lucia Scaringi (1)
  Franco Aversa (3)
  Luigina Romani (1)
  
  1. Pathology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli, 06132, Perugia, Italy
  2. Mass Spectrometry Centre (CISM) of the University of Florence, Florence, Italy
  3. Department of Hematology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
  
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Biomedicine
  Immunology
  Internal Medicine
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1863-2300

文摘

Fungal commensals coexist in a complex milieu of bacteria within the human body. An increased understanding of the importance of microbiota in shaping the host’s immune and metabolic activities has rendered fungal interactions with their hosts more complex than previously appreciated. Metagenomics has revealed the complex interactions between fungal and bacterial commensals that, either directly or through the participation of the host immune system, impact on immune homeostasis at mucosal surfaces that, in turn, lead to secondary fungal infections. Metabolomics has captured the dialogue between the mammalian host and its microbiota. It appears that the host tryptophan catabolic enzyme, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) plays a dominant role in the interplay between tryptophan catabolism by microbial communities, the host’s own pathway of metabolite production, and the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)/IL-22 axis, eventually impacting on mucosal immune homeostasis and host/fungal symbiosis. Thus, the regulatory loop involving AhR and IDO1 may be exploited for the development of multi-pronged host- and microbiota-directed therapeutic approaches for mucosal and systemic fungal diseases.