<tiger2/>: serialising the ISO SynAF syntactic object model

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• 作者：Laurent Romary (1) (2)
  Amir Zeldes (3)
  Florian Zipser (1) (2)
  
  1. Inria ; Paris ; France
  2. Institut f眉r Deutsche Sprache und Linguistik ; Humboldt-Universit盲t zu Berlin ; Berlin ; Germany
  3. Department of Linguistics ; Georgetown University ; Washington ; DC ; USA
  
• 关键词：syntactic annotation ; XML format ; corpus ; corpora ; Treebank ; Tiger XML
• 刊名：Language Resources and Evaluation
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：March 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：49
• 期：1
• 页码：1-18
• 全文大小：2,093 KB
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  3. Burnard, L., & Bauman, S. (2008). / TEI P5: Guidelines for electronic text encoding and interchange. Manual. http://www.tei-c.org/Guidelines/P5/
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  6. Ide, N., & Romary, L. (2003). Encoding syntactic annotation. In A. Abeill茅e (Ed.), / Treebanks: Building and using parsed corpora (pp. 281鈥?96). Dordrecht: Kluwer. CrossRef
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  17. Romary, L. (2001). An abstract model for the representation of multilingual terminological data: TMF鈥攖erminological markup framework. In / Proceedings of terminology in advanced management applications (TAMA) 2001. Antwerp, Belgium.
  18. Romary, L. (2013a). Standardization of the formal representation of lexical information for NLP. In R. Gouws, U. Heid, W. Schweickard, & H. Wiegand (Eds.), / Dictionaries. An International Encyclopedia of Lexicography. Supplementary volume: Recent developments with special focus on computational lexicography. Mouton de Gruyter.
  19. Romary, L. (2013b). TEI and LMF crosswalks. In S. Gradmann & F. Sasaki (Eds.), / Digital Humanities: Wissenschaft vom Verstehen. Humboldt Universit盲t zu Berlin, Berlin.
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  23. Telljohann, H., Hinrichs, E., & K眉bler, S. (2004). The T眉Ba-D/Z Treebank鈥攁nnotating German with a context-free backbone. In / Proceedings of the fourth international conference on language resources and evaluation (LREC 2004), Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 2229鈥?232.
  24. Telljohann, H., Hinrichs, E. W., K眉bler, S., Zinsmeister, H., & Beck, K. (2009). / Stylebook for the T眉bingen Treebank of Written German (T眉Ba- / D/Z). T眉bingen: Universit盲t T眉bingen, Seminar f眉r Sprachwissenschaft.
  25. Zeldes, A., Ritz, J., L眉deling, A., & Chiarcos, C. (2009). ANNIS: A search tool for multi-layer annotated corpora. In / Proceedings of corpus linguistics 2009, Liverpool, July 20鈥?3, 2009.
  26. Zipser, F. (2009). / Entwicklung eines Konverterframeworks f眉r linguistisch annotierte Daten auf Basis eines gemeinsamen (Meta- / )Modells. Diploma thesis, Humboldt-Universit盲t zu Berlin, Institut f眉r Informatik. http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/60/61/02/PDF/Diplomarbeit_FZ_final.pdf
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  28. ISO/DIS 24611 Language resource management鈥擬orpho-syntactic annotation framework (MAF)
  29. ISO/DIS 24612 Language resource management鈥擫inguistic annotation framework (LAF)
  30. ISO 24615 Language resource management鈥擲yntactic annotation framework (SynAF)
  31. ISO 12620 Terminology and other language and content resources鈥擲pecification of data categories and management of a Data Category Registry for language resources; implemented in ISOcat.org
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  33. ISO 24613 Language resource management鈥擫exical markup framework (LMF).
  
• 刊物类别：Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
• 刊物主题：Linguistics
  Computational Linguistics
  Computer Science, general
  Linguistics
  Languages and Literature
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1574-0218

文摘

This paper introduces , an XML format developed to serialise the object model defined by the ISO Syntactic Annotation Framework SynAF. Based on widespread best practices we adapt a popular XML format for syntactic annotation, TigerXML, with additional features to support a variety of syntactic phenomena including constituent and dependency structures, binding, and different node types such as compounds or empty elements. We also define interfaces to other formats and standards including the Morpho-syntactic Annotation Framework MAF and the ISOCat Data Category Registry. Finally a case study of the German Treebank TueBa-D/Z is presented, showcasing the handling of constituent structures, topological fields and coreference annotation in tandem.