Low-frequency high-definition power Doppler in visualizing and defining fetal pulmonary venous connections

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• 作者：Lin Liu (1)
  Yihua He (2)
  Zhian Li (2)
  Xiaoyan Gu (2)
  Ye Zhang (2)
  Lianzhong Zhang (1)
  
• 关键词：Fetal echocardiography ; Pulmonary veins ; Low ; frequency high ; definition power Doppler ; Visualization rate ; Pulmonary venous connections
• 刊名：Journal of Medical Ultrasonics
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：July 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：41
• 期：3
• 页码：333-338
• 全文大小：896 KB
• 参考文献：1. Rychik J, Ayres N, Cuneo B, et al. American Society of Echocardiography guidelines and standards for performance of the fetal echocardiogram. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2004;17:803-0. CrossRef
  2. He YH, Li ZA, Han JC, et al. The pulmonary veins located by transthoracic echocardiography in comparison with 64-slice spiral CT. Chin J Ultrasonogr. 2009;18:1037-.
  3. Chen YY, Hsu CY. Prenatal diagnosis and antenatal history of total anomalous pulmonary venous return. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;45:283-. CrossRef
  4. Yagel S, Kivilevitch Z, Cohen SM, et al. The fetal venous system, part I: normal embryology, anatomy, hemodynamics, ultrasound evaluation and Doppler investigation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2010;35:741-0.
  5. Yagel S, Kivilevitch Z, Cohen SM, et al. The fetal venous system, part II: ultrasound evaluation of the fetus with congenital venous system malformation or developing circulatory compromise. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2010;36:93-11. CrossRef
  6. Peng R, Xie HN, Du L, et al. Four-dimensional sonography with spatiotemporal image correlation and tomographic ultrasound imaging in the prenatal diagnosis of anomalous pulmonary venous connections. J Ultrasound Med. 2012;31:1651-.
  7. Volpe P, Campobasso G, De Robertis V, et al. Two- and four-dimensional echocardiography with B-flow imaging and spatiotemporal image correlation in prenatal diagnosis of isolated total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2007;30:830-. CrossRef
  8. Anteby EY, Shimonovitz S, Yagel S. Fetal echocardiography: the identification of two of the pulmonary veins from the four-chamber view during the second trimester of pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1994;4:208-0. CrossRef
  9. Dong FQ, Zhang YH, Li ZA, et al. Evaluation of normal fetal pulmonary veins from the early second trimester by enhanced-flow (e-flow) echocardiography. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2011;38:652-. CrossRef
  
• 作者单位：Lin Liu (1)
  Yihua He (2)
  Zhian Li (2)
  Xiaoyan Gu (2)
  Ye Zhang (2)
  Lianzhong Zhang (1)
  
  1. Department of Ultrasound, Henan Province Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
  2. Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
  
• ISSN：1613-2254

文摘

Purpose The use of low-frequency high-definition power Doppler in assessing and defining pulmonary venous connections was investigated. Methods Study A included 260 fetuses at gestational ages ranging from 18 to 36?weeks. Pulmonary veins were assessed by performing two-dimensional B-mode imaging, color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI), and low-frequency high-definition power Doppler. A score of 1 was assigned if one pulmonary vein was visualized, 2 if two pulmonary veins were visualized, 3 if three pulmonary veins were visualized, and 4 if four pulmonary veins were visualized. The detection rate between Exam-1 and Exam-2 (intra-observer variability) and between Exam-1 and Exam-3 (inter-observer variability) was compared. In study B, five cases with abnormal pulmonary venous connection were diagnosed and compared to their anatomical examination. Results In study A, there was a significant difference between CDFI and low-frequency high-definition power Doppler for the four pulmonary veins observed (P?P?>?0.05). The coefficient correlation between Exam-1 and Exam-2 was 0.844, and the coefficient correlation between Exam-1 and Exam-3 was 0.821. In study B, one case of total anomalous pulmonary venous return and four cases of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return were diagnosed by low-frequency high-definition power Doppler and confirmed by autopsy. Conclusions The assessment of pulmonary venous connections by low-frequency high-definition power Doppler is advantageous. Pulmonary venous anatomy can and should be monitored during fetal heart examination.