Cytochrome c: the Achilles-heel in apoptosis

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• 作者：A. V. Kulikov (1)
  E. S. Shilov (12)
  I. A. Mufazalov (34)
  V. Gogvadze (15)
  S. A. Nedospasov (234)
  B. Zhivotovsky (15) boris.zhivotovsky@ki.se
• 关键词：Cytochrome c – Mutagenesis – Knockout – Respiration – Apoptosis
• 刊名：Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS)
• 出版年：2012
• 出版时间：June 2012
• 年：2012
• 卷：69
• 期：11
• 页码：1787-1797
• 全文大小：473.6 KB
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• 作者单位：1. Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia2. Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia3. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia4. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia5. Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences
  Cell Biology
  Biomedicine
  Life Sciences
  Biochemistry
  
• 出版者：Birkh盲user Basel
• ISSN：1420-9071

文摘

Cytochrome c is a well-known mitochondrial protein that fulfills life-supporting functions by transferring electrons to the respiratory chain to maintain ATP production. However, during the activation of apoptotic machinery, it is released from mitochondria and, being in the cytosol, it either triggers the activation of the caspase cascade in intrinsic apoptotic pathway, or it is involved in the amplification of extrinsic apoptotic signaling. Accumulating evidence suggests that only unmodified holocytochrome c is efficient in the stimulation of apoptosis. Considering the importance of cytochrome c in both life and death, it was of significant interest to investigate the complete or partial cytochrome c deficiency in vivo. Here, we discuss the importance of distinct amino acid residues for various functions of cytochrome c in cells and mice with targeted cytochrome c mutations.