Plasticity versus specificity in RTK signalling modalities for distinct biological outcomes in motor neurons

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• 作者：Nathalie Caruso (1)
  Balazs Herberth (1)
  Fabienne Lamballe (1)
  Vilma Arce-Gorvel (1)
  Flavio Maina (1)
  Fran莽oise Helmbacher (1)
  
  1. Aix-Marseille Universit茅 ; IBDM ; CNRS UMR 7288 ; Parc Scientifique de Luminy ; Case 907 ; 13288 ; Marseille ; France
  
• 关键词：Motor neurons ; RTK signalling ; Survival ; Cell fate specification ; Development ; HGF/Met
• 刊名：BMC Biology
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：December 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：12
• 期：1
• 全文大小：2,943 KB
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• 刊物主题：Life Sciences, general;
• 出版者：BioMed Central
• ISSN：1741-7007

文摘

Background Multiple growth factors are known to control several aspects of neuronal biology, consecutively acting as morphogens to diversify neuronal fates, as guidance cues for axonal growth, and as modulators of survival or death to regulate neuronal numbers. The multiplicity of neuronal types is permitted by the combinatorial usage of growth factor receptors, each of which is expressed in distinct and overlapping subsets of neurons, and by the multitasking role of growth factor receptors, which recruit multiple signalling cascades differentially required for distinct biological outcomes. We have explored signalling robustness in cells where a given receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) elicits qualitatively distinct outcomes. As the HGF/Met system regulates several biological responses in motor neurons (MN) during neuromuscular development, we have investigated the signalling modalities through which the HGF/Met system impacts on MN biology, and the degree of robustness of each of these functions, when challenged with substitutions of signalling pathways. Results Using a set of mouse lines carrying signalling mutations that change the Met phosphotyrosine binding preferences, we have asked whether distinct functions of Met in several MN subtypes require specific signalling pathways, and to which extent signalling plasticity allows a pleiotropic system to exert distinct developmental outcomes. The differential ability of signalling mutants to promote muscle migration versus axonal growth allowed us to uncouple an indirect effect of HGF/Met signalling on nerve growth through the regulation of muscle size from a direct regulation of motor growth via the PI3 kinase (PI3K), but not Src kinase, pathway. Furthermore, we found that HGF/Met-triggered expansion of Pea3 expression domain in the spinal cord can be accomplished through several alternative signalling cascades, differentially sensitive to the Pea3 dosage. Finally, we show that the regulation of MN survival by HGF/Met can equally be achieved in vitro and in vivo by alternative signalling cascades involving either PI3K-Akt or Src and Mek pathways. Conclusions Our findings distinguish MN survival and fate specification, as RTK-triggered responses allowing substitutions of the downstream signalling routes, from nerve growth patterning, which depends on a selective, non-substitutable pathway.