Composition, uses, provenance and stability of rocks and ancient mortars in a Theban Tomb in Luxor (Egypt)

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• 作者：S. Cuezva ; J. Garcia-Guinea ; A. Fernandez-Cortes ; D. Benavente…
• 关键词：Ancient Egyptian material ; Mortar ; Micro ; environment ; Theban tomb ; Gypsum ; Anhydrite
• 刊名：Materials and Structures
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：March 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：49
• 期：3
• 页码：941-960
• 全文大小：2,320 KB
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• 作者单位：S. Cuezva (1)
  J. Garcia-Guinea (1)
  A. Fernandez-Cortes (1)
  D. Benavente (2)
  J. Ivars (3)
  J. M. Galan (3)
  S. Sanchez-Moral (1)
  
  1. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), C/Jose Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
  2. Departamento Ciencias de la Tierra y del Medio Ambiente Unidad Asociada UA-CSIC, Universidad de Alicante, 03080, Alicante, Spain
  3. Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales (CSIC), C/Albasanz 26-28, 28037, Madrid, Spain
  
• 刊物类别：Engineering
• 刊物主题：Structural Mechanics
  Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
  Mechanical Engineering
  Operating Procedures and Materials Treatment
  Civil Engineering
  Building Materials
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1871-6873

文摘

The rock-cut tomb–chapel of Djehuty (Luxor, Egypt, 1470 bc) was excavated and restored including a mineralogical, chemical, textural and petrophysical study of mortars and host rocks together with micro-environmental parameter recordings to deduce the techniques used by the ancient Egyptian builders. The host rock is made by alternations of massive, nodular and finely bedded micritic limestone and the tomb was excavated in the stratigraphic section with better mechanical properties. Different types of gypsum and lime mortars were found in the funerary complex: mortar for bedding, exterior render, surface repair and decoration, and interior plaster and coating. Mortars show formulae according to their specific applications and locations. The sources of the raw materials for the mortar reveal a local provenance. Micro-environmental conditions play an important role in the evolution of the mortar pastes, and determine the current characteristics and stability of mortars. Results from this research will make it possible to design mortars compatible with conservation in the funerary complex of Djehuty and to define safe micro-environmental conditions for the preservation of such mortars and paintings. Keywords Ancient Egyptian material Mortar Micro-environment Theban tomb Gypsum Anhydrite