Herbs in exercise and sports
详细信息 查看全文
- 作者：Chee Keong Chen (1)
Ayu Suzailiana Muhamad (1)
Foong Kiew Ooi (1) - 关键词：herbs ; ginseng ; caffeine ; ephedrine ; Eurycoma longifolia Jack
- 刊名：Journal of Physiological Anthropology
- 出版年：2012
- 出版时间：December 2012
- 年：2012
- 卷：31
- 期：1
- 全文大小：188KB
- 参考文献：1. Kennedy DO, Scholey AB: Ginseng: potential for the enhancement of cognitive performance and mood. / Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2003, 75:687鈥?00. CrossRef
2. Popov IM, Goldwag WJ: A review of the properties of clinical effects of ginseng. / Am J Chin Med (Gard City N Y) 1973, 1:263鈥?70. CrossRef
3. Carr CJ: / Natural Plant Products that Enhance Performance and Endurance. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1986:138鈥?92.
4. Bahrke MS, Morgan WP: Evaluation of the ergogenic properties of ginseng. / Sports Med 1994, 18:229鈥?48. CrossRef
5. Takagi K, Saito H, Nabata H: Pharmacological studies of Panax ginseng root: estimation of pharmacological actions of Panax ginseng root. / Jpn J Pharmacol 1972, 22:245鈥?59. CrossRef
6. Samira MM, Attia MA, Allam M, Elwan O: Effect of the standardized ginseng extract G115 on the metabolism and electrical activity of the rabbit's brain. / J Int Med Res 1985, 13:342鈥?48.
7. Yamamoto M, Takeuchi N, Kumagai A, Yamamura Y: Stimulatory effect of Panax ginseng principles on DNA, RNA, protein and lipid synthesis in rat bone marrow. / Arzneimittelforschung 1977, 27:1169鈥?173.
8. Odani T, Ushio Y, Arichi S: The effect of ginsenosides on adreno-corticotropin secretion in primary culture of rat pituitary cells. / Planta Med 1986, 9:112鈥?18.
9. Grandhi A, Mujumdar AM, Patwardhan B: A comparative pharmacological investigation of ashwaggandha and ginseng. / J Ethnopharmacol 1994, 44:131鈥?35. CrossRef
10. Zhing G, Jiang Y: Calcium channel blockage and anti-free radical actions of ginsenosides. / Chin Med J 1997, 110:28鈥?9.
11. Ahuja A, Goswami A, Adhikari A, Ghosh AK: Evaluation of effects of revital on physical performance in sportsmen. / Indian Pract 1992, 45:685鈥?88.
12. Bucci LR: Dietary substances not required in human metabolism. In / Nutrients as Ergogenic Aids for Sports and Exercise. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1993:83鈥?0.
13. Bucci LR: Selected herbals and human exercise performance. / Am J Clin Nutr 2000,72(suppl):624S-636S.
14. Kim SH, Park KS, Chang MJ, Sung JH: Effects of Panax ginseng extract on exercise-induced oxidative stress. / J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2005, 45:178鈥?82.
15. Gaffney BT, Hugel HM, Rich PA: The effects of Eleutherococcus senticosus and Panax ginseng on steroidal hormone indices of stress and lymphocyte subset numbers in endurance athletes. / Life Sci 2001, 70:431鈥?42. CrossRef
16. Brekhman II, Dardymov IV: New substances of plant origin which increase non-specific resistance. / Annu Rev Pharmacol 1969, 9:419鈥?30. CrossRef
17. Rai D, Bhatia G, Sen T, Palit G: Anti-stress effects of Ginkgo biloba and Panax ginseng : a comparative study. / J Pharmacol Sci 2003, 93:458鈥?64. CrossRef
18. Liang MTC, Podolka TD, Chuang WJ: Panax notoginseng supplementation enhances physical performance during endurance exercise. / J Strength Cond Res 2005, 19:108鈥?14. CrossRef
19. McNaughton L, Egan G, Caelli G: A comparison of Chinese and Russian ginseng as ergogenic aids to improve various effects of physical fitness. / Int Clin Nutr Rev 1989, 90:32鈥?5.
20. Reay JL, Kennedy DO, Scholey AB: Effects of Panax ginseng , consumed with and without glucose, on blood glucose levels and cognitive performance during sustained 'mentally demanding' tasks. / J Psychopharmacol 2006, 20:771鈥?81. CrossRef
21. Cui JF, Garle M, Bj枚rkhem I, Eneroth P: Determination of aglycones of ginsenosides in ginseng preparations sold in Sweden and in urine samples from Swedish athletes consuming ginseng. / Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1996, 56:151鈥?60. CrossRef
22. Cui JF, Bj枚rkhem I, Eneroth P: Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of 20( S )-protopanaxadiol and 20( S )-protopanaxatriol for study on human urinary excretion of ginsenosides after ingestion of ginseng preparations. / J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 1997, 689:349鈥?55. CrossRef
23. Schneiker KT, Bishop D, Dawson B, Hackett LP: Effects of caffeine on prolonged intermittent-sprint ability in team-sport athletes. / Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006, 38:578鈥?85. CrossRef
24. Bell DG, McLellan TM: Effect of repeated caffeine ingestion on repeated exhaustive exercise endurance. / Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003, 35:1348鈥?354. CrossRef
25. Costill DL, Dalsky GP, Fink WJ: Effects of caffeine ingestion on metabolism and exercise performance. / Med Sci Sports 1978, 10:155鈥?58.
26. Kovacs EM, Stegen JHCH, Brous F: Effects of caffeinated drinks on substrate metabolism, caffeine excretion, and performance. / J Appl Physiol 1998, 85:709鈥?15.
27. Graham TE, Spriet LL: Performance and metabolic responses to a high caffeine dose during prolonged exercise. / J Appl Physiol 1991, 71:2292鈥?298.
28. Cohen BS, Nelson AG, Prevost MC, Thompson GD, Marx BD, Morris GS: Effects of caffeine ingestion on endurance racing in heat and humidity. / Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1996, 73:358鈥?63. CrossRef
29. Jackman M, Mendling P, Friars D, Graham TE: Metabolic catecholamines and endurance response to caffeine during intense exercise. / J Appl Physiol 1996, 81:1658鈥?663.
30. Bellet S, Kershbaum A, Aspe J: The effects of caffeine on free fatty acids. / Arch Intern Med 1965, 116:750鈥?52. CrossRef
31. Ping WC, Keong CC, Bandyopadhyay A: Effects of acute supplementation of caffeine on cardiorespiratoy responses during endurance running in a hot and humid climate. / Indian J Med Res 2010, 132:36鈥?1.
32. Ivy JL, Costill DL, Fink WJ, Lower RW: Influence of caffeine and carbohydrate feedings on endurance performance. / Med Sci Sports 1979, 11:6鈥?1.
33. Conlee RK: Muscle glycogen and exercise endurance: a twenty-year perspective. / Exerc Sport Sci Rev 1987, 15:1鈥?8. CrossRef
34. Essig D, Costill DL, Van Handel PJ: Effects of caffeine ingestion on utilization of muscle glycogen and lipid during leg ergometer cycling. / Int J Sports Med 1980, 1:86鈥?0. CrossRef
35. Erickson MA, Schwarzkopf RJ, McKenzie RD: Effects of caffeine, fructose, and glucose ingestion on muscular glycogen utilization during exercise. / Med Sci Sports Exerc 1987, 19:579鈥?83.
36. Kamat JP, Boloor KK, Devasagayam TP, Jayashree B, Kesavan PC: Differential modification by caffeine of oxygen-dependent and independent effects of 纬-irradiation on rat liver mitochondria. / Int J Radiat Biol 2000, 76:1281鈥?288. CrossRef
37. Collomp K, Ahmaidi S, Chatard JC, Audran M, Pr茅faut C: Benefits of caffeine ingestion on sprint performance in trained and untrained swimmers. / Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1992, 64:377鈥?80. CrossRef
38. Yeomans MR, Ripley T, Davies LH, Rusted JM, Rogers PJ: Effects of caffeine on performance and mood depend on the level of caffeine abstinence. / Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2002, 164:241鈥?49. CrossRef
39. Bell DG, Jacobs I, Zamecnik J: Effects of caffeine, ephedrine and their combination on time to exhaustion during high-intensity exercise. / Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1998, 77:427鈥?33. CrossRef
40. Bell DG, Jacobs I: Combined caffeine and ephedrine ingestion improves run times of Canadian Forces Warrior Test. / Aviat Space Environ Med 1999, 70:325鈥?29.
41. Powers ME: Ephedra and its application to sport performance: Another concern for the athletic trainer. / J Athl Train 2001, 36:420鈥?24.
42. Bell DG, McLellan TM, Sabiston CM: Effect of ingesting caffeine and ephedrine on 10-km run performance. / Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002, 34:344鈥?49. CrossRef
43. Williams AD, Cribb PJ, Cooke MB, Hayes A: The effect of ephedra and caffeine on maximal strength and power in resistance-trained athletes. / J Strength Cond Res 2008, 22:464鈥?70. CrossRef
44. Zhang JS, Tian Z, Lou ZC: [Quality evaluation of twelve species of Chinese ephedra (ma huang)] [in Chinese]. / Yao Xue Xue Bao 1989, 24:865鈥?71.
45. DiPasquale M: Stimulants and adaptogens: part 1. / Drugs Sports 1992, 1:2鈥?.
46. Sidney KH, Lefcoe NM: The effects of ephedrine on the physiological and psychological responses to submaximal and maximal exercise in man. / Med Sci Sports 1977, 9:95鈥?9. CrossRef
47. Gillies H, Derman WE, Noakes TD, Smith P, Evans A, Gabriels G: Pseudoephredrine is without ergogenic effects during prolonged exercise. / J Appl Physiol 1996, 81:2611鈥?617.
48. Swain RA, Harsha DM, Baenziger J, Saywell RM Jr: Do pseudoephedrine or phenylpropanolamine improve maximum oxygen uptake and time to exhaustion? / Clin J Sport Med 1997, 7:168鈥?73. CrossRef
49. Bell DG, Jacobs I, McLellan TM, Zamecnik J: Reducing the dose of combined caffeine and ephedrine preserves the ergogenic effect. / Aviat Space Environ Med 2000, 71:415鈥?19.
50. Jaganath IB, Teik NL: / Herbs: The Green Pharmacy of Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Vinpress Sdn Bhd and Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI); 2000:45鈥?6.
51. Ang HH, Cheang HS, Yusof AP: Effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Tongkat Ali) on the initiation of sexual performance of inexperienced castrated male rats. / Exp Anim 2000, 49:35鈥?8. CrossRef
52. Osman A, Jordan B, Lessard PA, Muhammad N, Haron MR, Riffin NM, Sinskey AJ, Rha C, Housman DE: Genetic diversity of Eurycoma longifolia inferred from single nucleotide polymorphisms. / Plant Physiol 2003, 131:1294鈥?301. CrossRef
53. Ang HH, Sim MK: Eurycoma longifolia Jack enhances libido in sexually experienced male rats. / Exp Anim 1997, 46:287鈥?90. CrossRef
54. Ang HH, Lee KL, Kiyoshi M: Sexual arousal in sexually sluggish old male rats after oral administration of Eurycoma longifolia Jack. / J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2004, 15:303鈥?09. CrossRef
55. Chan KL, O'Neill MJ, Phillipson JD, Warhurst DC: Plants as sources of antimalarial drugs. Part 31: Eurycoma longifolia . / Planta Med 1986, 52:105鈥?07. CrossRef
56. Ang HH, Chan KL, Mak JW: In vitro anti-malarial activity of quassinoids from Eurycoma longifolia against Malaysian chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum isolates. / Planta Med 1995, 61:177鈥?78. CrossRef
57. Farouk AE, Benafri A: Antibacterial activity of Eurycoma longifolia Jack: a Malaysian medicinal plant. / Saudi Med J 2007, 28:1422鈥?424.
58. Tee TT, Cheah YH, Hawariah LP: F16, a fraction from Eurycoma longifolia Jack extract induces apoptosis via a caspase-9-independent manner in MCF-7 cells. / Anticancer Res 2007, 27:3425鈥?430.
59. Husen R, Pihie AH, Nallappan M: Screening for antihyperglycaemic activity in several local herbs of Malaysia. / J Ethnopharmacol 2004, 95:205鈥?08. CrossRef
60. Ang HH, Cheang HS: Studies on the anxiolytic activity of Eurycoma longifolia Jack roots in mice. / Jpn J Pharmacol 1999, 79:497鈥?00. CrossRef
61. Mohd Tambi MI: Standardized water soluble extract of Eurycoma longifolia (LJ100) on men's health. / Int J Androl 2005,28(Suppl 1):25鈥?4.
62. Ooi FK, Singh R, Sirisinghe RG, Ang BS, Sahil Jamalullail SM: Effects of a herbal ergogenic drink on cycling performance in young cyclists. / Mal J Nutr 2001, 7:33鈥?0.
63. Ooi FK, Singh R, Sirisinghe RG, Ang BS, Sahil Jamalullail SM: Effects of a herbal drink on cycling endurance performance. / Mal J Nutr 2003, 10:78鈥?5.
64. Muhamad AS, Keong CC, Kiew OF, Abdullah MR, Lam CK: Effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack supplementation on recreational athletes' endurance running capacity and physiological responses in the heat. / Int J Appl Sports Sci 2010, 22:1鈥?9.
65. Hamzah S, Yusof A: The ergogenic effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack: a pilot study [abstract 7]. / Br J Sports Med 2003, 37:465鈥?66. - 作者单位：Chee Keong Chen (1)
Ayu Suzailiana Muhamad (1)
Foong Kiew Ooi (1)
1. Sports Science Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia - ISSN：1880-6805
文摘
The use of herbs as ergogenic aids in exercise and sport is not novel. Ginseng, caffeine, ma huang (also called 'Chinese ephedra'), ephedrine and a combination of both caffeine and ephedrine are the most popular herbs used in exercise and sports. It is believed that these herbs have an ergogenic effect and thus help to improve physical performance. Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of these herbs on exercise performance. Recently, researchers have also investigated the effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack on endurance cycling and running performance. These investigators have reported no significant improvement in either cycling or running endurance after supplementation with this herb. As the number of studies in this area is still small, more studies should be conducted to evaluate and substantiate the effects of this herb on sports and exercise performance. For instance, future research on any herbs should take the following factors into consideration: dosage, supplementation period and a larger sample size.