Laying date, incubation and egg breakage as determinants of bacterial load on bird eggshells: experimental evidence

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• 作者：Juan José Soler ; Magdalena Ruiz-Rodríguez ; Manuel Martín-Vivaldi…
• 关键词：Brood parasitism ; Climate change ; Life history traits ; Nest characteristics ; Parental activity
• 刊名：Oecologia
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：September 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：179
• 期：1
• 页码：63-74
• 全文大小：794 KB
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• 作者单位：Juan José Soler (1) (2)
  Magdalena Ruiz-Rodríguez (1)
  Manuel Martín-Vivaldi (2) (3)
  Juan Manuel Peralta-Sánchez (4)
  Cristina Ruiz-Castellano (1)
  Gustavo Tomás (1)
  
  1. Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas áridas (CSIC), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Ca?ada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain
  2. Grupo Coevolución, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
  3. Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
  4. Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
  
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences
  Ecology
  Plant Sciences
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-1939

文摘

Exploring factors guiding interactions of bacterial communities with animals has become of primary importance for ecologists and evolutionary biologists during the last years because of their likely central role in the evolution of animal life history traits. We explored the association between laying date and eggshell bacterial load (mesophilic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococci, and Enterococci) in natural and artificial magpie (Pica pica) nests containing fresh commercial quail (Coturnix coturnix) eggs. We manipulated hygiene conditions by spilling egg contents on magpie and artificial nests and explored experimental effects during the breeding season. Egg breakage is a common outcome of brood parasitism by great spotted cuckoos (Clamator glandarius) on the nests of magpie, one of its main hosts. We found that the treatment increased eggshell bacterial load in artificial nests, but not in magpie nests with incubating females, which suggests that parental activity prevents the proliferation of bacteria on the eggshells in relation to egg breakage. Moreover, laying date was positively related to eggshell bacterial load in active magpie nests, but negatively in artificial nests. The results suggest that variation in parental characteristics of magpies rather than climatic variation during the breeding season explained the detected positive association. Because the eggshell bacterial load is a proxy of hatching success, the detected positive association between eggshell bacterial loads and laying date in natural, but not in artificial nests, suggests that the generalized negative association between laying date and avian breeding success can be, at least partially, explained by differential bacterial effects. Keywords Brood parasitism Climate change Life history traits Nest characteristics Parental activity