Schlafbezogene Atmungsstörungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter

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• 作者：Prim. Univ. Prof. Dr. R. Kerbl ; I. Grigorow ; W. Sauseng
• 关键词：SchlüsselwörterAtmung ; Apnoen ; Obstruktives Schlafapnoe ; Syndrom ; Polysomnographie ; Schlaflabor
• 刊名：Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：December 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：164
• 期：12
• 页码：1085-1095
• 全文大小：
• 刊物类别：Medicine
• 刊物主题：Pediatrics; General Practice / Family Medicine;
• 出版者：Springer Medizin
• ISSN：1433-0474
• 卷排序：164

文摘

The anatomical structures for sleep-wake and respiratory regulation are topographically closely situated and mutually influence each other functionally due to many neuronal connections; therefore, sleep represents a very sensitive state for the occurrence of breathing disorders. As children and adolescents spend 30–70 % of overall time asleep, they are especially prone to sleep-related breathing disorders (SBD), which are clinically manifested differently at different ages. Depending on the cause or disease underlying the disorder, SBD may present as apneas, hypoventilation, dyspnea (especially by obstructions) or cyanosis and is occasionally associated with heart rate alterations. If there is an anamnestic or clinical suspicion of SBD, diagnostic investigations should immediately be carried out in a pediatric sleep laboratory. Depending on the diagnosis, adequate therapy, e.g. adenotonsillectomy, adenotonsillotomy, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and home ventilation, has to be subsequently initiated. Any delay in therapy onset may cause adverse secondary alterations, e.g. central nervous system (CNS) alterations, anatomical aberrations, funnel chest, right heart failure, cor pulmonale, failure to thrive and reduced quality of life and must therefore be avoided. Awareness of SBD in childhood is, however, suboptimal even among medical personnel. To increase knowledge and awareness are two of the major tasks of pediatric somnologists.