Herpes Simplex Vaccines: Prospects of Live-Attenuated HSV Vaccines to Combat Genital and Ocular Infections

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• 作者：Brent Stanfield ; Konstantin Gus Kousoulas
• 关键词：Herpes simplex ; Vaccine ; Ocular ; Genital ; Keratitis ; Live ; attenuated ; Immune evasion
• 刊名：Current Clinical Microbiology Reports
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：September 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：2
• 期：3
• 页码：125-136
• 全文大小：395KB
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• 作者单位：Brent Stanfield (1)
  Konstantin Gus Kousoulas (1)
  
  1. Division of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine and Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
  
• 刊物类别：Medical Microbiology;
• 刊物主题：Medical Microbiology;
• 出版者：Springer International Publishing
• ISSN：2196-5471

文摘

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and its closely related herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) cause important clinical manifestations in humans including acute ocular disease and genital infections. These viruses establish latency in the trigeminal ganglionic and dorsal root neurons, respectively. Both viruses are widespread among humans and can frequently reactivate from latency causing disease. Currently, there are no vaccines available against herpes simplex viral infections. However, a number of promising vaccine approaches are being explored in preclinical investigations with few progressing to early-phase clinical trials. Consensus research findings suggest that robust humoral and cellular immune responses may partially control the frequency of reactivation episodes and reduce clinical symptoms. Live-attenuated viral vaccines have long been considered as a viable option for generating robust and protective immune responses against viral pathogens. Varicella zoster virus (VZV) belongs to the same alphaherpesvirus subfamily with herpes simplex viruses. A live-attenuated VZV vaccine has been extensively used in a prophylactic and therapeutic approach to combat primary and recurrent VZV infection, indicating that a similar vaccine approach may be feasible for HSVs. In this review, we summarize preclinical approaches to HSV vaccine development and current efforts to test certain vaccine approaches in human clinical trials. Also, we discuss the potential advantages of using a safe, live-attenuated HSV-1 vaccine strain to protect against both HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections. Keywords Herpes simplex Vaccine Ocular Genital Keratitis Live-attenuated Immune evasion