Combination of pan-RAF and MEK inhibitors in NRAS mutant melanoma

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• 作者：Mohammad Atefi ; Bjoern Titz ; Earl Avramis ; Charles Ng ; Deborah JL Wong…
• 关键词：Melanoma ; NRAS ; MAPK ; MEK inhibitor ; pan ; RAF inhibitor ; Cyclin D3
• 刊名：Molecular Cancer
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：December 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：14
• 期：1
• 全文大小：2,185 KB
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• 刊物主题：Cancer Research; Oncology;
• 出版者：BioMed Central
• ISSN：1476-4598

文摘

Background Approximately 20% of melanomas contain a mutation in NRAS. However no direct inhibitor of NRAS is available. One of the main signaling pathways downstream of NRAS is the MAPK pathway. In this study we investigated the possibility of blocking oncogenic signaling of NRAS by inhibiting two signaling points in the MAPK pathway. Methods Fourteen NRAS mutated human melanoma cell lines were treated with a pan-RAF inhibitor (PRi, Amgen Compd A), a MEK inhibitor (MEKi, trametinib) or their combination and the effects on proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, transcription profile and signaling of the cells were investigated. Results The majority of the cell lines showed a significant growth inhibition, with high levels of synergism of the PRi and MEKi combination. Sensitive cell lines showed induction of apoptosis by the combination treatment and there was a correlation between p-MEK levels and synergistic effect of the combination treatment. Proliferation of sensitive cell lines was blocked by the inhibition of the MAPK pathway, which also blocked expression of cyclin D1. However, in resistant cell lines, proliferation was blocked by combined inhibition of the MAPK pathway and cyclin D3, which is not regulated by the MAPK pathway. Resistant cell lines also showed higher levels of p-GSK3β and less perturbation of the apoptotic profile upon the treatment in comparison with the sensitive cell lines. Conclusions The combination of PRi-?MEKi can be an effective regimen for blocking proliferation of NRAS mutant melanomas when there is higher activity of the MAPK pathway and dependence of proliferation and survival on this pathway.