Composition of the sooty blotch and flyspeck complex on apple in Norway is influenced by location and management practices

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• 作者：Jean C. Batzer ; Arne Stensvand ; Derrick A. Mayfield…
• 关键词：Biodiversity ; Malus × domestica ; Survey ; LSU ; ITS ; Epiphytic fungi
• 刊名：European Journal of Plant Pathology
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：February 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：141
• 期：2
• 页码：361-374
• 全文大小：12,166 KB
• 参考文献：1. Andrews, J. H., Kenerey, C. M., & Nordheim, E. V. (1980). Positional variation in phylloplane microbial-populations within an apple tree canopy. / Microbial Ecology, 6, 71-4. CrossRef
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  3. Batzer, J. C., Gleason, M. L., Weldon, B., Dixon, P. M., & Nutter, F. W. (2002). Evaluation of postharvest removal of sooty blotch and flyspeck on apples using sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide with peroxyacetic acid, and soap. / Plant Disease, 86, 1325-332. CrossRef
  4. Batzer, J. C., Gleason, M. L., Harrington, T. C., & Tiffany, L. H. (2005). Expansion of the sooty blotch and flyspeck complex on apples based on analysis of ribosomal DNA gene sequences and morphology. / Mycologia, 97, 1268-286. CrossRef
  5. Batzer, J. C., Rincon, S. H., Mueller, D. S., Petersen, B. J., Le Corronc, F., McManus, P. S., Dixon, P. M., & Gleason, M. L. (2010). Effect of temperature and nutrient concentration on the growth of six species of sooty blotch and flyspeck fungi. / Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 49, 3-0.
  6. Batzer, J. C., Sisson, A. J., Harrington, T. C., Mayfield, D. A., & Gleason, M. L. (2012). Temporal patterns in appearance of sooty blotch and flyspeck fungi on apples. / Microbial Ecology, 64, 928-41. CrossRef
  7. Batzer, J. C., Mi?arro, M., Svendsen, J. M., O’Neill, E. R. & Gleason, M. L. (2013). Diversity of sooty blotch and flyspeck fungi from apples in Spain. Retrieved from http://www.apsnet.org/meetings/Documents/2013_Meeting_Abstracts/aps2013abP430.htm/.
  8. Chen, C., Gao, L., Qu, M., Wei, X., Li, W., Zhang, R., Sun, G., & Gleason, M. L. (2013). / Peltaster fructicola, a newly recorded species from China associated with sooty blotch and flyspeck. / Mycotaxon, 123(1), 265-70. CrossRef
  9. Colby, A. S. (1920). Sooty blotch of pomaceous fruits. / Transactions Illinois Academic Science, 13, 139-79.
  10. Cooley, D. R., Gamble, J. W., & Autio, W. R. (1997). Summer pruning as a method for reducing flyspeck disease on apple fruit. / Plant Disease, 81, 1123-126. CrossRef
  11. Díaz Arias, M. M., Batzer, J. C., Harrington, T. C., Wang Wong, A., Bost, S. C., Cooley, D. R., Ellis, M. A., Hartman, J. R., Rosenberger, D. A., Sundin, G. W., Sutton, T. B., Travis, J. W., Wheeler, M. J., Yoder, K. S., & Gleason, M. L. (2010). Diversity and biogeography of sooty blotch and flyspeck fungi on apple in the eastern and midwestern United States. / Phytopathology, 100, 345-55. CrossRef
  12. Dickie, I. A., Kalucka, I., Stasinska, M., & Oleksyn, J. (2010). Plant host drives fungal phenology. / Fungi Ecology, 3, 311-15. CrossRef
  13. Duttweiler, K. B., Sun, G. Y., Batzer, J. C., Harrington, T. C., & Gleason, M. L. (2008). An RFLP-based technique for identifying fungi in the sooty blotch and flyspeck complex on apple. / Plant Disease, 92, 794-99. CrossRef
  14. Frank, J., Crous, P. W., Groenewald, J. Z., Oertel, B., Hyde, K. D., Phengsintham, P., & Schroers, H. J. (2010). / Microcyclospora and / Microcyclosporella: Novel genera accommodating epiphytic fungi causing sooty blotch on apple. / Persoonia, 24, 93-05. CrossRef
  15. Gleason, M. L., Batzer, J. C., Sun, G. Y., Zhang, R., Díaz-Arias, M. M., Sutton, T. B., Crous, P. W., Ivanovi?, M., McManus, P. S., Cooley, D. R., Mayr, U., Weber, R. W. S., Yoder, K. S., Del Ponte, E. M., Biggs, A. R., & Oertel, B. (2011). A new view of sooty blotch and flysp
• 作者单位：Jean C. Batzer (1)
  Arne Stensvand (2)
  Derrick A. Mayfield (1)
  Mark L. Gleason (1)
  
  1. Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
  2. Plant Health and Protection Division, Bioforsk, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, ?s, 1430, Norway
  
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences
  Plant Pathology
  Plant Sciences
  Ecology
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-8469

文摘

Sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS) is a complex of at least 80 fungal species in 24 genera within the Dothideomycetes order Capnodiales. These epiphytes embed in the waxy epicuticle of apple fruit and colonies become visible in mid- to late summer. The blemished fruit are not marketable as fresh produce. Previous surveys of orchards in central and eastern USA and southern Europe found SBFS assemblages that were unique to geographic region. In the USA, SBFS species diversity was higher in orchards that received no fungicide sprays than those receiving fungicide sprays, suggesting that orchard management was an important determinant of SBFS species distribution and prevalence. To test the hypothesis that the composition of the SBFS complex is affected by geographic region and orchard management practices in Norway, 35 sites with a range of different management practices and cultivars were sampled. Colonies on each apple were counted according to the mycelial type, and subsamples of each mycelial type were amplified and sequenced using either primers specific to the rDNA of Capnodiales or a universal fungal primer pair for the large subunit of rDNA. Results indicated that a single genus was associated with each mycelial type. Seven genera known to cause SBFS were identified: Microcyclospora, Dissoconium, Peltaster, Microcyclosporella, Phaeothecoidiella, Schizothyrium, and Geastrumia. The percent composition of each site’s SBFS assemblage was estimated to genus. Significant differences were found in SBFS assemblages among geographic districts and management practices, and there was a significant interaction of district and management. Organic orchards tended to have the least SBFS severity and genus diversity, whereas higher SBFS diversity tended to occur in abandoned than managed orchards. This is the first survey of SBFS fungi in apple orchards in Scandinavia.