Morphology, chemical composition and nanostructure of single carbon-rich particles studied by transmission electron microscopy: source apportionment in workroom air of aluminium smelters

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• 作者：Stephan Weinbruch ; Nathalie Benker…
• 关键词：Elemental carbon ; Source apportionment ; Soot ; Carbon nanotubes ; Workplace aerosol ; Electron microscopy
• 刊名：Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：February 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：408
• 期：4
• 页码：1151-1158
• 全文大小：1,133 KB
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• 作者单位：Stephan Weinbruch (1) (2)
  Nathalie Benker (1)
  Konrad Kandler (1)
  Martin Ebert (1)
  Dag G. Ellingsen (2)
  Balázs Berlinger (2)
  Yngvar Thomassen (2)
  
  1. Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technical University Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr. 9, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
  2. National Institute of Occupational Health, Gydas vei 8, PO Box 8149 Dep, 0033, Oslo, Norway
  
• 刊物类别：Chemistry and Materials Science
• 刊物主题：Chemistry
  Analytical Chemistry
  Food Science
  Inorganic Chemistry
  Physical Chemistry
  Monitoring, Environmental Analysis and Environmental Ecotoxicology
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1618-2650

文摘

Sources of C-rich particles at work places in two aluminium smelters in Norway were studied by transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Based on morphology, nanostructure and chemistry, three different types of C-rich particles are distinguished: (a) chain-like agglomerates (70–100 % by number, relative to the sum of C-rich particles) consisting of primary particles with typical onion-shell structure of graphene layers, (b) multi-walled carbon nanotube particles (≈3 %) and (c) spheres or agglomerates of amorphous C-rich particles (0–30 %). Chain-like agglomerates are interpreted as diesel soot in accordance with literature data on primary particle diameter, chemical composition and nanostructure of primary particles. The source of the observed multi-walled carbon nanotubes is not known. The amorphous C-rich particles most likely consist of organic carbon species which cannot be characterized further by X-ray microanalysis. Unaltered graphitic electrode material was not found among the C-rich particles. The high fraction of diesel soot particles indicates that elemental carbon is generally suited as proxy for diesel soot in aluminium smelters. However, due to the presence of carbon nanotubes and amorphous C-rich particles, detailed characterization of sources of carbon-rich particles by electron microscopy is recommended for accurate assessment of adverse health effects. Keywords Elemental carbon Source apportionment Soot Carbon nanotubes Workplace aerosol Electron microscopy