Closely Related Tree Species Differentially Influence the Transfer of Carbon and Nitrogen from Leaf Litter Up the Aquatic Food Web

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• 作者：Zacchaeus G. Compson (1) (2) (3)
  Bruce A. Hungate (1) (2) (3)
  George W. Koch (1) (2) (3)
  Steve C. Hart (4)
  Jesse M. Maestas (1) (3)
  Kenneth J. Adams (1) (3)
  Thomas G. Whitham (1) (3)
  Jane C. Marks (1) (2) (3)
  
  1. Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research ; Northern Arizona University ; PO Box 6077 ; Flagstaff ; Arizona ; 86011-6077 ; USA
  2. Center for Ecosystem Science and Society ; Northern Arizona University ; PO Box 5620 ; Flagstaff ; Arizona ; 86011-5620 ; USA
  3. Department of Biological Sciences ; Northern Arizona University ; PO Box 5640 ; Flagstaff ; Arizona ; 86011-5640 ; USA
  4. School of Natural Sciences ; University of California ; Merced ; California ; USA
  
• 关键词：stable isotope tracers ; functional food webs ; trophic structure ; nutrient cycling ; decomposition ; cottonwood ; aquatic insect community
• 刊名：Ecosystems
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：March 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：18
• 期：2
• 页码：186-201
• 全文大小：424 KB
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• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences
  Ecology
  Plant Sciences
  Zoology
  Environmental Management
  Geoecology and Natural Processes
  Nature Conservation
  
• 出版者：Springer New York
• ISSN：1435-0629

文摘

Decomposing leaf litter in streams provides habitat and nutrition for aquatic insects. Despite large differences in the nutritional qualities of litter among different plant species, their effects on aquatic insects are often difficult to detect. We evaluated how leaf litter of two dominant riparian species (Populus fremontii and P. angustifolia) influenced carbon and nitrogen assimilation by aquatic insect communities, quantifying assimilation rates using stable isotope tracers (13C, 15N). We tested the hypothesis that element fluxes from litter of different plant species better define aquatic insect community structure than insect relative abundances, which often fail. We found that (1) functional communities (defined by fluxes of carbon and nitrogen from leaf litter to insects) were different between leaf litter species, whereas more traditional insect communities (defined by relativized taxa abundances) were not different between leaf litter species, (2) insects assimilated N, but not C, at a higher rate from P. angustifolia litter compared to P. fremontii, even though P. angustifolia decomposes more slowly, and (3) the C:N ratio of material assimilated by aquatic insects was lower for P. angustifolia compared to P. fremontii, indicating higher nutritional quality, despite similar initial litter C:N ratios. These findings provide new evidence for the effects of terrestrial plant species on aquatic ecosystems via their direct influence on the transfer of elements up the food web. We demonstrate how isotopically labeled leaf litter can be used to assess the functioning of insect communities, uncovering patterns undetected by traditional approaches and improving our understanding of the association between food web structure and element cycling.