Critical loads of nitrogen and sulphur to avert acidification and eutrophication in Europe and China

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• 作者：Maximilian Posch (1)
  Lei Duan (2)
  Gert Jan Reinds (3)
  Yu Zhao (4)
  
  1. Coordination Centre for Effects (CCE) ; RIVM ; P.O.Box 1 ; 3720 BA ; Bilthoven ; The Netherlands
  2. School of Environment ; Tsinghua University ; Beijing ; 100084 ; People鈥檚 Republic of China
  3. Alterra ; Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR) ; P.O.Box 47 ; 6700 AA ; Wageningen ; The Netherlands
  4. School of the Environment ; Nanjing University ; Nanjing ; 210023 ; People鈥檚 Republic of China
  
• 关键词：Critical load function ; Exceedance ; Nitrogen ; Sulphur
• 刊名：Landscape Ecology
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：March 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：30
• 期：3
• 页码：487-499
• 全文大小：1,365 KB
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• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences
  Landscape Ecology
  Plant Ecology
  Forestry Management
  Forestry
  Ecology
  Plant Sciences
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1572-9761

文摘

Introduction Forests and other (semi-)natural ecosystems provide a range of ecosystem services, such as purifying water, stabilizing soils and nutrient cycles, and providing habitats for plants and wildlife. Critical loads are a well-established effects-based approach that has been used for assessing the environmental consequences of air pollution on large regional or national scales. Materials and methods Typically critical loads of sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) have been derived separately for characterizing the vulnerability of ecosystems to acidification (by S and N) and eutrophication (by N). In this paper we combine the two approaches and use multiple criteria, such as critical pH and N concentrations in soil solution, to define a single critical load function of N and S. Results and conclusions The methodology is used to compute and map critical loads of N and S in two regions of comparable size, Europe and China. We also assess the exceedance of those critical loads under globally modelled present and selected future N and S depositions. We also present an analysis, in which the sensitivity of the critical loads and their exceedances to the choice of the chemical criteria is investigated. As pH and N concentration in soil solution are abiotic variables also linked to plant species occurrence, this approach has the potential for deriving critical loads for plant species diversity.