Building Biophysics in Mid-Century China: The University of Science and Technology of China

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• 作者：Yi Lai Christine Luk
• 关键词：Biophysics ; History ; People’s Republic of China ; University of Science and Technology of China ; Rocket ; Mission ; Discipline
• 刊名：Journal of the History of Biology
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：May 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：48
• 期：2
• 页码：201-235
• 全文大小：642 KB
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• 作者单位：Yi Lai Christine Luk (1)
  
  1. Human & Social Dimensions of Science & Technology Ph.D. Program, Arizona State University, Interdisciplinary B 336, 1120 S. Cady Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5603, USA
  
• 刊物类别：Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
• 刊物主题：Philosophy
  Philosophy of Biology
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-0387

文摘

Biophysics has been either an independent discipline or an element of another discipline in the United States, but it has always been recognized as a stand-alone discipline in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) since 1949. To inquire into this apparent divergence, this paper investigates the formational history of biophysics in China by examining the early institutional history of one of the best-known and prestigious science and technology universities in the PRC, the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC). By showing how the university and its biophysics program co-evolved with national priorities from the school’s founding in 1958 to the eve of the Cultural Revolution in 1966, the purpose of this paper is to assess the development of a scientific discipline in the context of national demands and institutional politics. Specific materials for analysis include the school’s admission policies, curricula, students-dissertations, and research program. To further contextualize the institutional setting of Chinese biophysics, this paper begins with a general history of proto-biophysical institutions in China during the Nationalist-Communist transitional years. This paper could be of interest to historians wanting to know more about the origin of the biophysics profession in China, and in particular how research areas that constitute biophysics changed in tandem with socio-political contingencies.