Sediment Deposition and Accretion Rates in Tidal Marshes Are Highly Variable Along Estuarine Salinity and Flooding Gradients

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• 作者：C. Butzeck ; A. Eschenbach ; A. Gr?ngr?ft ; K. Hansen ; S. Nolte…
• 关键词：Tidal freshwater marsh ; Brackish marsh ; Salt marsh ; Sediment deposition ; Accretion rates ; Suspended sediments ; Inundation ; Sea ; level rise ; Germany ; Schleswig ; Holstein ; Elbe Estuary (53° 40-N ; 9° 31-E)
• 刊名：Estuaries and Coasts
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：March 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：38
• 期：2
• 页码：434-450
• 全文大小：1,189 KB
• 参考文献：1. Ad-Hoc-Arbeitsgruppe Boden. 2005. Bodenkundliche Kartieranleitung. ed. Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe in Zusammenarbeit mit den Staatlichen Geologischen Diensten Hannover: Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.
  2. Allen, J.R. 1990. Salt-marsh growth and stratification: A numerical model with special reference to the Severn Estuary, southwest Britain. / Marine Geology 95: 77-6. CrossRef
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  4. Allen, J.R., and M.J. Duffy. 1998. Medium-term sedimentation on high intertidal mudflats and salt marshes in the Severn Estuary, SW Britain: the role of wind and tide. / Marine Geology 150: 1-7. CrossRef
  5. ARGE Elbe. 1984. Gew?sser?kologische Studie. Ausbauma?nahmen und deren Auswirkungen. Arbeitsgemeinschaft der L?nder zur Reinhaltung der Elbe (ARGE Elbe). elbe.de/dokumente/fachberichte.html?file=tl_files/Download-Archive/Fachberichte/" class="a-plus-plus">http://www.fgg-elbe.de/dokumente/fachberichte.html?file=tl_files/Download-Archive/Fachberichte/ Biomonitoring_allgemein/84Oekostudie.pdf. Accessed 09 April 2014.
  6. Austen, I., T.J. Andersen, and K. Edelvang. 1999. The influence of benthic diatoms and invertebrates on the erodibility of an intertidal a mudflat, the Danish Wadden Sea. / Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 49: 99-11. CrossRef
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  8. Baldwin, A.H., and Irving A. Mendelssohn. 1998. Effects of salinity and water level on coastal marshes: an experimental test of disturbance as a catalyst for vegetation change. / Aquatic Botany 61: 255-68. CrossRef
  9. Bartholdy, J., C. Christiansen, and H. Kunzendorf. 2004. Long term variations in backbarrier salt marsh deposition on the Skallingen peninsula—the Danish Wadden Sea. / Marine Geology 203: 1-1. CrossRef
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  12. Bergemann, M., 2005. Berechnung des Salzgehaltes der Elbe, Hamburg. elbe.de/dokumente/fachberichte.html?file=tl_files/Download-Archive/Fachberichte/Salzhaushalt/05BerechnSalzgehalt.pdf" class="a-plus-plus">http://www.fgg-elbe.de/dokumente/fachberichte.html?file=tl_files/Download-Archive/Fachberichte/Salzhaushalt/05BerechnSalzgehalt.pdf. Accessed 09 April 2014.
  13. Bergemann, M. 2006. The Elbe estuary. Seine-Aval special issue. In North-Atlantic estuaries: problems and perspectives, ed J.C. Dauvin, 43-6. Rouen.
  14. Boorman, L.A., A. Garbutt, and D. Barratt. 1998. The role of vegetation in determining the patterns of accretion of salt marsh sediment. / Geological Society, London, Special Publications 139: 340-99. CrossRef
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  17. Bricker-Urs
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Environment
  Environment
  Ecology
  Geosciences
  Environmental Management
  Nature Conservation
  
• 出版者：Springer New York
• ISSN：1559-2731

文摘

Vertical accretion in estuarine marshes depends on rates of sediment deposition and is a complex function of different interacting variables. In times of climate change and associated sea-level rise, knowledge about the relation between these variables and sediment deposition and accretion rates is gaining high importance. Therefore, we studied spatial and temporal variation in short-term sediment deposition rates and its possible predictors in three marsh types along an estuarine salinity gradient. Between March 2010 and March 2011, bi-weekly sediment deposition was quantified along three transects, reflecting the variability in elevation (low to high marsh) and distance to the sediment source, in each of one tidal freshwater, brackish, and salt marsh at the Elbe Estuary (Germany). Simultaneously, water-level fluctuations and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) were recorded, and aboveground plant biomass was sampled once in late summer and once by the end of winter, respectively. Annual sediment deposition (17.5?±-.0?kg?m?) and calculated accretion rates (20.3?±-.7?mm?year?) were highest in the brackish low marsh and were between 51 and 71?% lower in the low tidal freshwater and the salt marsh, respectively. Highest SSC and longest inundations were found during fall and winter. Flooding duration and frequency were higher in the tidal freshwater than in the brackish and the salt marsh. Aboveground, plant biomass of the regularly flooded vegetation stratum (0-0?cm above soil surface) did not differ between marsh types, but the spatial pattern changed between late summer and early spring. In all three marsh types, decreasing sediment deposition rates with increasing distances from the sedimentation source were recorded. The applied multiple regression models were able to explain 74, 79, and 71?% of variation in sediment deposition patterns in tidal freshwater, brackish, and salt marshes, respectively. SSC was the most important model predictor variable. Our results emphasize the importance of considering spatial and temporal variations in sediment deposition rates and its predictors. According to our findings, sediment deposition rates in the investigated tidal low marshes of the Elbe Estuary seem to be sufficient to compensate moderate rates of sea-level rise. Contrastingly, high salt marshes might be vulnerable due to insufficient input of sediment and might regress into low marshes, partly.