Distribution characteristics of seamount cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts and the determination of the size of areas for exploration and exploitation

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• 作者：Gaowen He (1)
  Weilin Ma (2)
  Chengbing Song (3)
  Shengxiong Yang (1)
  Benduo Zhu (1)
  Huiqiang Yao (1)
  Xunxiong Jiang (4)
  Yongshou Cheng (5)
  
• 关键词：cobalt ; rich ferromanganese crusts ; exploration and exploitation area ; seamounts ; regulation on exploration
• 刊名：Acta Oceanologica Sinica
• 出版年：2011
• 出版时间：May 2011
• 年：2011
• 卷：30
• 期：3
• 页码：63-75
• 全文大小：1051KB
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  2. Andreev S I, Gramberg I S. 2002. Cobalt-rich ores of the world ocean. Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation and All-Russian Research Institute for Geology and Mineral Resources of the World Ocean, St. Petersburg, 167
  3. Bergersen D D. 1995. Physiography and architecture of Marshall islands guyots drilled during Leg 144: geophysical constraints on platform development. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, 144: 561鈥?83
  4. Janet A H, Isabella P S. 1995. Comparison of the origin and evolution of Northwest Pacific Guyots Drilled During Leg 144. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, 144: 935鈥?49
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  8. Hein J R. 2002. Cobalt-rich Ferromanganese Crusts: Global distribution, composition, origin and research activities. International Seabed Authority, ISA Technical Study: No.2
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  11. International Seabed Authority. 2006. Exploration And Mine Site Model Applied to Block Selection For Cobalt-Rich Ferromanganese Crusts and Polymetallic Sulphides (ISBA/12/C/3 Part I)
  12. International Seabed Authority Council. 2004. Draft regulations on prospecting and exploration for polymetallic sulphides and cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts in the Area (ISBA/10/C/WP.1). Tenth session. Kingston, Jamaica, 24 May鈥? June 2004
  13. International Seabed Authority Council. 2010. Regulations on prospecting and exploration for cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts in the Area(ISBA/16/C/WP.2), Sixteenth session. Kingston, Jamaica, 26 April鈥? May 2010
  14. Yamazaki T. 2008. Model mining units of the 20th century and the economies (production requirements, area requirements and vertical integration). Technical paper for ISA Workshop on Polymetallic Nodule Mining Technology Current Status and Challenges Ahead, Feb. 18鈥?2, 2008, Chennai, India
  15. Yamazaki T, Sharma R. 1998. Distribution characteristics of co-rich manganese deposits on a seamount in the central Pacific Ocean. Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, 16: 283鈥?05 CrossRef
  
• 作者单位：Gaowen He (1)
  Weilin Ma (2)
  Chengbing Song (3)
  Shengxiong Yang (1)
  Benduo Zhu (1)
  Huiqiang Yao (1)
  Xunxiong Jiang (4)
  Yongshou Cheng (5)
  
  1. Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou, 510075, China
  2. Second Institute of Oceanography, State Ocean Administration, Hangzhou, 310012, China
  3. China Ocean Mineral Resources R & D Association, Beijing, 100860, China
  4. Beijing General Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy, Beijing, 100070, China
  5. National Marine Information Center, Tianjin, 300171, China
  
• ISSN：1869-1099

文摘

In 2001, the International Seabed Authority (ISBA) initiated the consideration relating to the Regulations for Prospecting and Exploration for Hydrothermal Polymetallic Sulphides and Cobalt-rich Ferromanganese Crusts in the Area at its 7th session. Since then, the consideration of the Regulations has been mainly focused on the size of areas to be allocated for exploration and exploitation of the crusts. This paper, based on the investigation data and the analysis of the distribution characteristics of the crusts, suggests a model for determining the size of areas for exploration and exploitation of the crusts, taking into account various factors such as production scale, crust thickness and grade, mineable area proportion, recovery efficiency, exploration venture, and so on. Through the modeling, the paper suggests that the exploration area (the area covered by each application for approval of a plan of work for exploration of cobalt-rich crusts) shall be 4 856 km2 and the exploitation area (the mine site area) shall be 1 214 km2, for 20 years of 1 million wet tonnes annual production.