Stingless Bees: Chemical Differences and Potential Functions in Nannotrigona testaceicornis and Plebeia droryana Males and Workers
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- 作者：Adriana Pianaro (1)
Cristiano Menezes (2) (5)
Warwick Estevam Kerr (2)
Rodrigo B. Singer (3)
Eda Fl谩via Lotufo R. A. Patricio (4)
Anita J. Marsaioli (1) - 关键词：Meliponinae ; Stingless bees ; Nannotrigona testaceicornis ; Plebeia droryana ; Cuticular waxes ; Cephalic extracts ; Abdomen extracts ; (S) ; 2 ; nonanol
- 刊名：Journal of Chemical Ecology
- 出版年：2009
- 出版时间：September 2009
- 年：2009
- 卷：35
- 期：9
- 页码：1117-1128
- 全文大小：250KB
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Cristiano Menezes (2) (5)
Warwick Estevam Kerr (2)
Rodrigo B. Singer (3)
Eda Fl谩via Lotufo R. A. Patricio (4)
Anita J. Marsaioli (1)
1. Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas鈥擴NICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil
2. Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberl芒ndia, 38400-902, Uberl芒ndia, MG, Brazil
5. Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of S茫o Paulo鈥擴SP, 14040-901, Ribeir茫o Preto, SP, Brazil
3. Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
4. Laboratory of Bees, Institute of Biosciences, University of S茫o Paulo, 05508-900, S茫o Paulo, SP, Brazil
文摘
Cuticular wax, abdominal and cephalic extracts of foraging workers and males of Nannotrigona testaceicornis and Plebeia droryana, from the 鈥淎retuzina鈥?farm in S茫o Sim茫o, SP, Brazil, were analyzed by GC-MS. The principal constituents were hydrocarbons, terpenes, aldehydes, esters, steroids, alcohols, and fatty acids. Interspecific differences for both cuticular wax and cephalic extracts were found. The composition of cuticular wax and cephalic extracts was similar at the intraspecific level, with minor component differences between males and workers. Abdominal extracts differentiated sexes (male and worker) at the intraspecific and interspecific levels. The main chemical components in abdominal extracts of N. testaceicornis workers and males were geranylgeranyl acetate and (Z)-9-nonacosene, respectively. The principal components of abdominal extracts from P. droryana workers and males were tetradecanal and unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic and linolenic acids), respectively. A secondary alcohol, (S)-2-nonanol, was detected in Plebeia droryana males only, but not in workers. Preliminary field experiments showed that (S)-(+)-2-heptanol and (S)-(+)-2-heptanol/ (S)-(+)-2-nonanol (1:1) attracted workers of P. droryana, N. testaceicornis, and Frieseomelitta silvestrii. However, males did not respond suggesting that these compounds do not function as alarm or recruitment pheromones . In addition, racemic mixtures were inactive.