Population density, call-response interval, and survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

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• 作者：Hideo Yasunaga (1)
  Hiroaki Miyata (2)
  Hiromasa Horiguchi (1)
  Seizan Tanabe (3)
  Manabu Akahane (4)
  Toshio Ogawa (4)
  Soichi Koike (5)
  Tomoaki Imamura (4)
  
• 刊名：International Journal of Health Geographics
• 出版年：2011
• 出版时间：December 2011
• 年：2011
• 卷：10
• 期：1
• 全文大小：1276KB
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• 作者单位：Hideo Yasunaga (1)
  Hiroaki Miyata (2)
  Hiromasa Horiguchi (1)
  Seizan Tanabe (3)
  Manabu Akahane (4)
  Toshio Ogawa (4)
  Soichi Koike (5)
  Tomoaki Imamura (4)
  
  1. Department of Health Management and Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
  2. Department of Health Quality Assessment, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
  3. Foundation for Ambulance Service Development, Emergency Life-Saving Technique Academy of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
  4. Department of Public Health, Health Management and Policy, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
  5. Department of Planning, Information and Management, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
  
• ISSN：1476-072X

文摘

Background Little is known about the effects of geographic variation on outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The present study investigated the relationship between population density, time between emergency call and ambulance arrival, and survival of OHCA, using the All-Japan Utstein-style registry database, coupled with geographic information system (GIS) data. Methods We examined data from 101,287 bystander-witnessed OHCA patients who received emergency medical services (EMS) through 4,729 ambulatory centers in Japan between 2005 and 2007. Latitudes and longitudes of each center were determined with address-match geocoding, and linked with the Population Census data using GIS. The endpoints were 1-month survival and neurologically favorable 1-month survival defined as Glasgow-Pittsburgh cerebral performance categories 1 or 2. Results Overall 1-month survival was 7.8%. Neurologically favorable 1-month survival was 3.6%. In very low-density (<250/km2) and very high-density (?0,000/km2) areas, the mean call-response intervals were 9.3 and 6.2 minutes, 1-month survival rates were 5.4% and 9.1%, and neurologically favorable 1-month survival rates were 2.7% and 4.3%, respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, cause of arrest, first aid by bystander and the proportion of neighborhood elderly people ?5 yrs, patients in very high-density areas had a significantly higher survival rate (odds ratio (OR), 1.64; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.44 - 1.87; p < 0.001) and neurologically favorable 1-month survival rate (OR, 1.47; 95%CI, 1.22 - 1.77; p < 0.001) compared with those in very low-density areas. Conclusion Living in a low-density area was associated with an independent risk of delay in ambulance response, and a low survival rate in cases of OHCA. Distribution of EMS centers according to population size may lead to inequality in health outcomes between urban and rural areas.