Extensive diversity of Rickettsiales bacteria in two species of ticks from China and the evolution of the Rickettsiales

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• 作者：Yan-Jun Kang (1) (2)
  Xiu-Nian Diao (3)
  Gao-Yu Zhao (1)
  Ming-Hui Chen (4)
  Yanwen Xiong (1) (2)
  Mang Shi (1) (5)
  Wei-Ming Fu (4)
  Yu-Jiang Guo (3)
  Bao Pan (3)
  Xiao-Ping Chen (1) (2)
  Edward C Holmes (1) (5)
  Joseph J Gillespie (6)
  Stephen J Dumler (6)
  Yong-Zhen Zhang (1) (2)
  
  1. Department of Zoonoses ; State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control ; National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention ; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention ; Changping Liuzi 5 ; Beijing ; 102206 ; China
  2. Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases ; Hangzhou ; China
  3. Veterinary Station ; Jiulingtuan of Nongwushi ; Bole ; Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region ; China
  4. Veterinary Station ; Emin ; Nongjiushi ; Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region ; China
  5. Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity ; Charles Perkins Centre ; School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School ; The University of Sydney ; Sydney ; Australia
  6. Departments of Pathology and Microbiology & Immunology ; University of Maryland School of Medicine ; Baltimore ; MD ; USA
  
• 关键词：Co ; divergence ; Evolution ; Phylogeny ; Rickettsiales bacteria ; Ticks ; Vectors
• 刊名：BMC Evolutionary Biology
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：December 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：14
• 期：1
• 全文大小：2,523 KB
• 参考文献：Raoult, D, Parola, P eds. (2007) Rickettsial Diseases. Informa Healthcare, London
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• 刊物主题：Evolutionary Biology; Animal Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography; Entomology; Genetics and Population Dynamics; Life Sciences, general;
• 出版者：BioMed Central
• ISSN：1471-2148

文摘

Background Bacteria of the order Rickettsiales (Alphaproteobacteria) are obligate intracellular parasites that infect species from virtually every major eukaryotic lineage. Several rickettsial genera harbor species that are significant emerging and re-emerging pathogens of humans. As species of Rickettsiales are associated with an extremely diverse host range, a better understanding of the historical associations between these bacteria and their hosts will provide important information on their evolutionary trajectories and, particularly, their potential emergence as pathogens. Results Nine species of Rickettsiales (two in the genus Rickettsia, three in the genus Anaplasma, and four in the genus Ehrlichia) were identified in two species of hard ticks (Dermacentor nuttalli and Hyalomma asiaticum) from two geographic regions in Xinjiang through genetic analyses of 16S rRNA, gltA, and groEL gene sequences. Notably, two lineages of Ehrlichia and one lineage of Anaplasma were distinct from any known Rickettsiales, suggesting the presence of potentially novel species in ticks in Xinjiang. Our phylogenetic analyses revealed some topological differences between the phylogenies of the bacteria and their vectors, which led us to marginally reject a model of exclusive bacteria-vector co-divergence. Conclusions Ticks are an important natural reservoir of many diverse species of Rickettsiales. In this work, we identified a single tick species that harbors multiple species of Rickettsiales, and uncovered extensive genetic diversity of these bacteria in two tick species from Xinjiang. Both bacteria-vector co-divergence and cross-species transmission appear to have played important roles in Rickettsiales evolution.