Gene–environment interaction in type 2 diabetes
详细信息 查看全文
- 作者：Yoshiaki Kido
- 关键词：Development origins of health and disease ; Intrauterine growth restriction ; Epigenetics ; Genome ; wide association study ; Gene–environment interaction
- 刊名：Diabetology International
- 出版年：2017
- 出版时间：March 2017
- 年：2017
- 卷：8
- 期：1
- 页码：7-13
- 全文大小：
- 刊物主题：Diabetes; Metabolic Diseases; Endocrinology;
- 出版者：Springer Japan
- ISSN：2190-1686
- 卷排序：8
文摘
Type 2 diabetes is a typical multifactorial disease, but the causes can largely be divided into genetic and environmental factors. In recent years, focus has shifted to the interaction between these factors (i.e., gene–environment interactions). It has become widely known that changes in the intrauterine environment such as intrauterine growth restriction result in gene expression changes in various tissues, which ultimately lead to the onset of diabetes. Epigenetic modification is considered to be a particularly important mechanism in these effects, as it is easily affected by environmental changes that occur during the fetal and neonatal periods. Moreover, recent reports have revealed that epigenetic modifications are passed down through generations. Although genome-wide association studies have identified many type 2 diabetes susceptibility genes, these genes do not pose a significantly high risk when isolated as single factors. In particular, it has been suggested that the interaction of the FTO or KCNQ1 genes with environmental factors increases the incidence of diabetes. These findings suggest that detailed analyses of individual gene–environment interactions hold promise for gaining new insight into the mechanisms and risk factors contributing to type 2 diabetes, with application to personalized diagnoses and treatments. We look forward to future developments in this regard.