Leaf litter resource quality induces morphological changes in wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) metamorphs

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• 作者：Aaron B. Stoler ; Jeffrey P. Stephens ; Rick A. Relyea ; Keith A. Berven…
• 关键词：Amphibian ; Limb length ; Intestine ; Snout–vent length ; Temperate wetland
• 刊名：Oecologia
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：November 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：179
• 期：3
• 页码：667-677
• 全文大小：858 KB
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• 作者单位：Aaron B. Stoler (1) (3)
  Jeffrey P. Stephens (1)
  Rick A. Relyea (2)
  Keith A. Berven (1)
  Scott D. Tiegs (1)
  
  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
  3. Department of Biological Sciences, 2238 CBIS, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, NY, 12180, USA
  2. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
  
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences
  Ecology
  Plant Sciences
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-1939

文摘

For organisms that exhibit complex life cycles, resource conditions experienced by individuals before metamorphosis can strongly affect phenotypes later in life. Such resource-induced effects are known to arise from variation in resource quantity, yet little is known regarding effects stemming from variation in resource quality (e.g., chemistry). For larval anurans, we hypothesized that variation in resource quality will induce a gradient of effects on metamorph morphology. We conducted an outdoor mesocosm experiment in which we manipulated resource quality by rearing larval wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) under 11 leaf litter treatments. The litter species represented plant species found in open- and closed-canopy wetlands and included many plant species of current conservation concern (e.g., green ash, common reed). Consistent with our hypothesis, we found a gradient of responses for nearly all mass-adjusted morphological dimensions. Hindlimb dimensions and gut mass were positively associated with litter nutrient content and decomposition rate. In contrast, forelimb length and head width were positively associated with concentrations of phenolic acids and dissolved organic carbon. Limb lengths and widths were positively related with the duration of larval period, and we discuss possible hormonal mechanisms underlying this relationship. There were very few, broad differences in morphological traits of metamorphs between open- and closed-canopy litter species or between litter and no-litter treatments. This suggests that the effects of litter on metamorph morphology are litter species-specific, indicating that the effects of changing plant community structure in and around wetlands will largely depend on plant species composition.