Recreation shapes a “landscape of fear-for a threatened forest bird species in Central Europe

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• 作者：Sascha R?sner (1) (2)
  Emily Mussard-Forster (3)
  Tomá? Lorenc (4) (5)
  J?rg Müller (1) (6)
  
• 关键词：Tetrao urogallus ; Human disturbance ; Tetraonidae ; Citizen science ; Non ; invasive data collection
• 刊名：Landscape Ecology
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：January 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：29
• 期：1
• 页码：55-66
• 全文大小：1,284 KB
• 作者单位：Sascha R?sner (1) (2)
  Emily Mussard-Forster (3)
  Tomá? Lorenc (4) (5)
  J?rg Müller (1) (6)
  
  1. Bavarian Forest National Park, Freyunger Stra?e 2, 94481, Grafenau, Germany
  2. Department of Ecology -Animal Ecology, Philipps-Universit?t Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Stra?e 8, 35043, Marburg, Germany
  3. 3171 Monticello Pl. #103, Orlando, FL, 32835, USA
  4. ?umava National Park and Protected Landscape Area, Su?ická 399, 34192, Ka?perské Hory, Czech Republic
  5. Loretská 869, 34101, Hora?d’ovice, Czech Republic
  6. Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Center for Food and Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universit?t München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
  
• ISSN：1572-9761

文摘

Predators can create a “landscape of fear-that influences the spatial distribution of their prey. Understanding whether human activity similarly affects the distribution of species beyond habitat suitability is crucial but difficult to assess for conservation managers. Here, we assessed the effect of recreation and forestry activity on a threatened forest-dwelling umbrella species, the Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus). We followed the citizen science approach on the landscape scale in the Bohemian Forest. We analyzed species data non-invasively collected through intensive fieldwork by volunteers and assessed human activity in the entire study area by analyzing expert questionnaires. The study area extends over 119,000?ha and harbors one of the largest relict populations of this grouse species in Central European low mountain ranges. Our statistical models revealed a negative impact of recreational activities on the intensity of habitat use of the birds within suitable habitats, thereby pointing toward a landscape of fear. The influence of forestry activity, in contrast, was not clear. In comparison to existing regional tourism impact studies, we were able to elevate the examination to the landscape scale. Our results underlined the relevance of recreation in limiting the species-habitat on an entire landscape and allow us to conclude that habitat managers should set aside well-defined zones without recreational activities to preserve the refuge of this umbrella species.