Bush animal attacks: management of complex injuries in a resource-limited setting
详细信息 查看全文
- 作者：Katrina B Mitchell (1) <br> Vihar R Kotecha (2) <br> Alphonce Chandika (2) <br>
- 刊名：World Journal of Emergency Surgery
- 出版年：2011
- 出版时间：December 2011
- 年：2011
- 卷：6
- 期：1
- 全文大小：411KB
- 参考文献：1. Langley RL: Fatal animal attacks in North Carolina over an 18-year period. / Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1994, 15:160鈥?. CrossRef <br> 2. Langley RL, Hunter JL: Occupational fatalities due to animal-related events. / Wilderness Environ Med 2001, 12:168鈥?4. CrossRef <br> 3. Durrheim DN, Leggat PA: Risk to tourists posed by wild mammals in South Africa. / J Travel Med 1999, 6:172鈥?. b00856.x">CrossRef <br> 4. Bashir MO, Abu-Zidan FM: Motor vehicle collisions with large animals. / Saudi Med J 2006, 27:1116鈥?0. <br> 5. Bury D, Langlois N, Byard RW: Animal-Related Fatalities--Part I: Characteristic Autopsy Findings and Variable Causes of Death Associated with Blunt and Sharp Trauma. / J Forensic Sciences 2011, 1556鈥?029. <br> 6. Vogel JS, Parker JR, Jordan FB, Coury TL, Vernino AR: Persian leopard (Panthera pardus) attack in Oklahoma: case report. / Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2000, 21:264鈥?. CrossRef <br> 7. Thirgood S, Woodroffe R, Rabinowitz A: The impact of human-wildlife conflict on human lives and livelihoods. In / People and wildlife: conflict and coexistence?. Edited by: Woodroffe R, Thirgood S, Rabinowitz A. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 2005:13鈥?6. <br> 8. National Geographic Animals [http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/hyena/#] <br> 9. African Wildlife Federation [http://www.awf.org/content/wildlife/detail/vervetmonkey] <br> 10. Sinclair AR, Mduma SA, Hopcraft JG, Fryxell JM, Hilborn R, Thirgood S: Long-term ecosystem dynamics in the Serengeti: lessons for conservation. / Conserv Biol 2007, 3:580鈥?0. CrossRef <br> 11. Wamisho BL, Bates J, Tompkins M, Islam R, Nyamulani N, Ngulube C, Mkandawire NC: Ward round--crocodile bites in Malawi: microbiology and surgical management. / Malawi Med J 2009, 21:29鈥?1. <br> 12. Chapenoire S, Camiade B, Legros M: Basic instinct in a feline. / Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2001, 22:46鈥?0. CrossRef <br> 13. Hejna P: A fatal leopard attack. / J Forensic Sci 2010, 55:832鈥?. CrossRef <br> 14. Das SK, Chattopadhyay S: Human fatalities from wild elephant attacks--a study of fourteen cases. / J Forensic Leg Med 2011, 18:154鈥?. CrossRef <br> 15. Gruen RL: Crocodile attacks in Australia: challenges for injury prevention and trauma care. / World J Surg 2009, 33:1554鈥?1. CrossRef <br> 16. Hockings KJ, Yamakoshi G, Kabasawa A, Matsuzawa T: Attacks on local persons by chimpanzees in Bossou, Republic of Guinea: long-term perspectives. / Am J Primatol 2010, 72:887鈥?6. CrossRef <br> 17. Kaschula VR, Van Dellan AF, de Vos V: Some infectious diseases of Vervet Monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops pygerythrus in South Africa. / J S Afr Vet Assoc 1978, 49:223鈥?7. <br> 18. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [http://www.cdc.gov/animalimportation/monkeys.html] <br> 19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [bies/location/world/index.html" class="a-plus-plus">http://www.cdc.gov/rabies/location/world/index.html] <br> 20. Mekisic AP, Wardill JR: Crocodile attacks in the Northern Territory of Australia. / Med J Aust 1992, 157:751鈥?54. <br> 21. Medeiros I, Saconato H: Antibiotic prophylaxis for mammalian bites. / Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2 2001, CD001738. <br> 22. Fleisher G: The management of bite wounds. / N Engl J Med 1999, 340:138. CrossRef <br> 23. Lion C, Escande F, Burdin JC: Capnocytophaga canimorsus infections in humans: review of the literature and case report. / Eur J Epidemiol 1996, 12:521. CrossRef <br>
- 作者单位：Katrina B Mitchell (1) <br> Vihar R Kotecha (2) <br> Alphonce Chandika (2) <br><br>1. Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065-4896, USA <br> 2. Weill Bugando University College of Health Sciences, P.O.Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania <br>
文摘
Introduction Though animal-related injuries and fatalities have been documented throughout the world, the variety of attacks by wild animals native to rural East Africa are less commonly described. Given the proximity of our northwestern Tanzania hospital to Lake Victoria, Lake Tanganyika, and the Serengeti National Park, and presentation of several patients attacked by bush animals and suffering a variety of complex injuries, we sought to report the pattern of attacks and surgical management in a resource-limited setting. Materials and methods Four patients who were admitted to the northwestern Tanzania tertiary referral hospital, Bugando Medical Centre (BMC), in 2010-2011 suffered attacks by different bush animals: hyena, elephant, crocodile, and vervet monkey. These patients were triaged as trauma patients in the Casualty Ward, then admitted for inpatient monitoring and treatment. Their outcomes were followed to discharge. Results The age and gender of the patients attacked was variable, though all but the pediatric patient were participating in food gathering or guarding activities in rural locations at the time of the attacks. All patients required surgical management of their injuries, which included debridement and closure of wounds, chest tube insertion, amputation, and external fixation of an extremity fracture. All patients survived and were discharged home. Discussion Though human injuries secondary to encounters with undomesticated animals such as cows, moose, and camel are reported, they often are indirect traumas resulting from road traffic collisions. Snake attacks are well documented and common. However, this series of unique bush animal attacks describes the initial and surgical management of human injuries in the resource-limited setting of the developing world. Conclusion Animal attacks are common throughout the world, but their pattern may vary in Africa throughout jungle and bush environmental settings. It is important to understand the management of these attacks in resource-limited health care environment. Further, the growing population and human encroachment on previously wild habitats such as the northwestern Tanzania bush argues for increased community awareness to assist in prevention of human injuries by animals.