Predators and livestock reduce bird nest survival in intensive Mediterranean farmland

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• 作者：Pedro Beja (1)
  Stefan Schindler (1) (2)
  Joana Santana (1)
  Miguel Porto (1)
  Rui Morgado (3) (4)
  Francisco Moreira (3)
  Ricardo Pita (5)
  António Mira (5)
  Luís Reino (1)
  
• 关键词：Agri ; environment schemes ; Artificial nest experiment ; Grassland bird ; Grazing ; Nest predation ; Trampling
• 刊名：European Journal of Wildlife Research
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：April 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：60
• 期：2
• 页码：249-258
• 全文大小：280 KB
• 参考文献：1. AEMET-IM (2011) Iberian climate atlas. Agencia Estatal de Meteorología, Madrid, and Instituto de Meteorologia, Lisboa
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• 作者单位：Pedro Beja (1)
  Stefan Schindler (1) (2)
  Joana Santana (1)
  Miguel Porto (1)
  Rui Morgado (3) (4)
  Francisco Moreira (3)
  Ricardo Pita (5)
  António Mira (5)
  Luís Reino (1)
  
  1. EDP Biodiversity Chair, CIBIO/InBio, Centro de Investiga??o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vair?o, 4485-601, Vair?o, Portugal
  2. Department of Conservation Biology, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria
  3. CEABN/InBio, Centro de Ecologia Aplicada “Professor Baeta Neves- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
  4. ERENA–Ordenamento e Gest?o de Recursos Naturais SA, Rua Robalo Gouveia, 1-1A, 1900-392, Lisbon, Portugal
  5. CIBIO/InBio, Centro de Investiga??o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Pólo de évora, Universidade de évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7002-554, Evora, Portugal
  
• ISSN：1439-0574

文摘

High nest predation is one of the factors potentially driving farmland bird declines, particularly in the case of ground-nesting species. Accordingly, recent calls have been made to address predation in agri-environment schemes, but this is hindered by limited understanding of how processes operating at different scales affect predation patterns and how additional factors such as livestock trampling contribute to reduced nest survival. Using an artificial nest experiment, we assessed how field management, landscape composition and configuration, and the abundance of potential avian predators and mammalian carnivores affected predation and trampling rates in grassland fields (pastures and fallows) embedded in intensive Mediterranean farmland. Mean predation and trampling rates per field were 0.18?±-.23 SD and 0.12?±-.17 SD, respectively. However, there was strong spatial variation, with high nest losses (>50?%) occurring in about one quarter of the fields. Variation in failure rates was mainly related to livestock grazing and predator abundances, while the effects of landscape context were negligible. Predation and trampling rates were highest in fields with short swards. Predation rate was positively related to the abundance of Egyptian mongooses and dogs. To increase nest survival, agri-environment schemes designed for ground-nesting birds should contribute for maintaining low stocking density. Further evaluation is required on the need for controlling populations of fast-expanding generalist predators such as mongooses.