Monitoring and assessment of anthropogenic activities in mountain lakes: a case of the Fifth Triglav Lake in the Julian Alps
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  • 作者:Tina Ravnikar ; Marko Bohanec ; Gregor Muri
  • 关键词:Mountain lakes ; The Fifth Triglav Lake ; Ecological effects ; Anthropogenic activities ; Eutrophication ; Multiattribute model ; Decision support ; Decision making
  • 刊名:Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
  • 出版年:2016
  • 出版时间:April 2016
  • 年:2016
  • 卷:188
  • 期:4
  • 全文大小:1,793 KB
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  • 作者单位:Tina Ravnikar (1)
    Marko Bohanec (2) (3)
    Gregor Muri (4)

    1. School of Environmental Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, Nova Gorica, SI-5000, Slovenia
    2. Department of Knowledge Technologies, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
    3. School of Engineering and Management, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, Nova Gorica, SI-5000, Slovenia
    4. Slovenian Environment Agency, Vojkova 1b, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
  • 刊物类别:Earth and Environmental Science
  • 刊物主题:Environment
    Monitoring, Environmental Analysis and Environmental Ecotoxicology
    Ecology
    Atmospheric Protection, Air Quality Control and Air Pollution
    Environmental Management
  • 出版者:Springer Netherlands
  • ISSN:1573-2959
文摘
The Fifth Triglav Lake is a remote mountain lake in the Julian Alps. The area of the Julian Alps where the lake is situated is protected by law and lies within the Triglav National Park. Mountain lakes in Slovenia were considered for a long time as pristine, unpolluted lakes, but analyses in the last decade revealed considerable human impact even in such remote places. Eutrophication or excessive accumulation of nutrients is the main problem of most lakes in the temperate climatic zone, also in Slovenia. Since the introduction of fish in 1991, the lake is going through a series of changes for which we do not know exactly where they lead, so the monitoring and assessment of anthropogenic activities are of great importance. For this purpose, a qualitative multiattribute decision model was developed with DEX method to assess ecological effects on the lake. The extent of the ecological effects on the lake is assessed using four main parameters: the trophic state, lake characteristics, environmental parameters, and anthropogenic stressors. Dependence of environmental impact on various external factors beyond human control, such as temperature, precipitation, retention time, and factors on which we have influence, such as the amount of wastewater and the presence of fish in the lake, were also evaluated. The following data were measured: chlorophyll a, nutrients, TP, oxygen, C/N ratio, nutrients in sediment, temperature, precipitation, retention time, and volume. We made assumptions about fish and wastewater, which we could not measure. The main contributions of this work are the designed model and the obtained findings for the Fifth Triglav Lake that can help not only scientists in understanding the complexity of lake-watershed systems and interactions among system components but also local authorities to manage and monitor the lake aquatic environment in an effective and efficient way. The model is flexible and can be also used for other lakes, assuming that the used parameters are measured and anthropogenic stressors are adjusted to a specific situation. The results of assessment are of particular interest for decision makers in protected areas, providing a new approach to the management of the quality of the water environment.

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