Synthesis of Nanostructured Molybdenum Carbide as Catalyst for the Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid to γ-Valerolactone

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• 作者：Jhon Quiroz ; Estevão Frigini Mai ; Victor Teixeira da Silva
• 关键词：Molybdenum carbide ; Carbon nanotubes ; γ ; valerolactone ; Levulinic acid hydrogenation
• 刊名：Topics in Catalysis
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：February 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：59
• 期：2-4
• 页码：148-158
• 全文大小：1,483 KB
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• 作者单位：Jhon Quiroz (1)
  Estevão Frigini Mai (1)
  Victor Teixeira da Silva (1)
  
  1. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro/COPPE/Chemical Engineering Program/NUCAT, P.O. Box 68502, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  
• 刊物主题：Catalysis; Physical Chemistry; Pharmacy; Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials;
• 出版者：Springer US
• ISSN：1572-9028

文摘

The effect of the morphology and size of unsupported molybdenum carbide (β-Mo₂C) was investigated in the selective hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone (GVL) in aqueous phase. Nanostructured β-Mo₂C was synthetized by two different approaches: (i) using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT) as both hard template and source of carbon and; (ii) using 1D nanostructured α-MoO₃ as precursor. Depending on the type of synthesis used, the morphology of the resulting β-Mo₂C was different. Well-oriented β-Mo₂C nanoparticles with a fibril morphology were formed when CNTs were used as hard template and source of carbon at 700 °C for 6 h under inert environment, while well-defined β-Mo₂C 1D nanostructures were formed after carburization of the nano-sized α-MoO₃ precursor at 650 °C/2 h under 20 % (v/v) CH₄/H₂ atmosphere. The catalytic performance of the materials was investigated at 30 bar H₂ and 180 °C in a batch reactor and compared with a Mo₂C synthesized by temperature-programmed carburization of commercial MoO₃. The β-Mo₂C 1D nanostructures presented a relatively higher activity than the others probably as a result of more exposed active sites, confirmed by the higher CO chemisorption uptake. All of the catalysts were highly selective to GVL (>85 %). Deep hydrogenation products such as 1,4 pentanediol and methyltetrahydrofuran were observed in minor amounts, underlining the hydrogenation potential of molybdenum carbide based materials. Keywords Molybdenum carbide Carbon nanotubes γ-valerolactone Levulinic acid hydrogenation