Spatial and temporal variation of an ice-adapted predator's feeding ecology in a changing Arctic marine ecosystem

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• 作者：David J. Yurkowski ; Steven H. Ferguson ; Christina A. D. Semeniuk…
• 关键词：Arctic ; Ontogenetic niche shift ; Ringed seal ; Stable isotopes ; Trophic position
• 刊名：Oecologia
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：March 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：180
• 期：3
• 页码：631-644
• 全文大小：906 KB
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• 作者单位：David J. Yurkowski (1)
  Steven H. Ferguson (2)
  Christina A. D. Semeniuk (1)
  Tanya M. Brown (3)
  Derek C. G. Muir (4)
  Aaron T. Fisk (1)
  
  1. Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
  2. Freshwater Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N6, Canada
  3. Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3P6, Canada
  4. Aquatic Ecosystem Protection Research Division, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON, L7R 4A6, Canada
  
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences
  Ecology
  Plant Sciences
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-1939

文摘

Spatial and temporal variation can confound interpretations of relationships within and between species in terms of diet composition, niche size, and trophic position (TP). The cause of dietary variation within species is commonly an ontogenetic niche shift, which is a key dynamic influencing community structure. We quantified spatial and temporal variations in ringed seal (Pusa hispida) diet, niche size, and TP during ontogeny across the Arctic—a rapidly changing ecosystem. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis was performed on 558 liver and 630 muscle samples from ringed seals and on likely prey species from five locations ranging from the High to the Low Arctic. A modest ontogenetic diet shift occurred, with adult ringed seals consuming more forage fish (approximately 80 versus 60 %) and having a higher TP than subadults, which generally decreased with latitude. However, the degree of shift varied spatially, with adults in the High Arctic presenting a more restricted niche size and consuming more Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) than subadults (87 versus 44 %) and adults at the lowest latitude (29 %). The TPs of adult and subadult ringed seals generally decreased with latitude (4.7–3.3), which was mainly driven by greater complexity in trophic structure within the zooplankton communities. Adult isotopic niche size increased over time, likely due to the recent circumpolar increases in subarctic forage fish distribution and abundance. Given the spatial and temporal variability in ringed seal foraging ecology, ringed seals exhibit dietary plasticity as a species, suggesting adaptability in terms of their diet to climate change.