Through the eyes to memory: Fixation durations as an early indirect index of concealed knowledge

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• 作者：Charlotte Schwedes ; Dirk Wentura
• 关键词：Eye movements ; Fixation duration ; Memory ; Concealed information test
• 刊名：Memory & Cognition
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：November 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：44
• 期：8
• 页码：1244-1258
• 全文大小：1,047 KB
• 刊物主题：Cognitive Psychology;
• 出版者：Springer US
• ISSN：1532-5946
• 卷排序：44

文摘

In three experiments, we investigated an early memory effect in eye fixations, namely increased durations of the second fixations to known relative to unfamiliar stimuli. This effect occurs even if knowledge of the stimulus is deliberately concealed. In Experiment 1, we found the early memory effect using object materials and a gaze-contingent stimulus presentation that controlled for parafoveal stimulus processing. In Experiment 2a, we looked for the effect under conditions commonly used in the concealed information test (CIT). To this end, participants encoded the “to-be-concealed” knowledge incidentally while doing a mock crime task, which was followed by a CIT. Beyond the control of parafoveal stimulus processing in Experiment 1, this procedure allowed minimization of influences of carry-over processes associated with the preceding stimulus. Experiment 2b replicated Experiment 2a but applied a 1-week retention interval between the encoding of the to-be-concealed knowledge and the CIT. We observed an early memory effect in all experiments, suggesting that the effect is robust, irrespective of the paradigm, stimulus materials, and retention interval used.