Genotoxicity and Anatomical Root Changes in Allium cepa L. (Amaryllidaceae) Caused by the Effluent of the Processing of Ornamental Rocks

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• 作者：Mairy Bitencourt Teixeira ; ítalo Ant?nio Fernandes…
• 关键词：Chromosomal abnormalities ; Industrial effluent ; Anatomic changes ; Mutations ; Cellular death
• 刊名：Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：December 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：226
• 期：12
• 全文大小：1,980 KB
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• 作者单位：Mairy Bitencourt Teixeira (1)
  ítalo Ant?nio Fernandes (2)
  Evaristo Mauro de Castro (2)
  Vania Helena Techio (2)
  
  1. Federal Institute of Espírito Santo (IFES), Campus Nova Venécia, Miguel Curry Carneiro Highway 799, Zip Code 29.830-000, Nova Venécia, Espírito Santo State, Brazil
  2. Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Zip Code 37.200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Environment
  Environment
  Atmospheric Protection, Air Quality Control and Air Pollution
  Waste Water Technology, Water Pollution Control, Water Management and Aquatic Pollution
  Terrestrial Pollution
  Hydrogeology
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-2932

文摘

The effluent of the ornamental rock industry is characterized by presenting great concentrations of total solids, high contents of iron, and elevated pH, all responsible for the contamination of the superficial and ground waters, destruction of the soil, the vegetation, and the silting of the rivers. The purpose of this study is to assess the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects and the anatomical changes caused by the effluents arising from the ornamental rock polishing industry in root apex cells of Allium cepa L. (Amaryllidaceae). The samples of the effluent were collected in a polishing industry located in Nova Venécia, State of Espírito Santo, and were analyzed by mass spectrometry and atomic emission. Bulbs of A. cepa were exposed to the effluent at 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50, 75, and 100 % concentrations (residue in raw form) (v/v) for a period of 20 days. For the positive control, metilmethanesulfonate (MMS) at 4?×-0?-M concentration was used, and distilled water was used for the negative control. The experiment was assessed taking into consideration the following parameters: mitotic index, frequency of chromosomal and nuclear abnormalities in the root apical meristem, and root anatomy. The mitotic index suffered a decrease proportional to the increase in the concentration of effluent. All the concentrations of the effluent led to chromosomal and nuclear abnormalities being stickiness and nuclear shoots the most frequent. The root apex evidenced changes that reflected on the decrease of the percentage area of the protoderm and the fundamental meristem and the increase in the areas of the cap and quiescent center. The symptoms of toxicity are related to the high frequency of cell in cellular death process observed in the roots exposed to the higher concentrations and to the decrease in the mitotic index of the apical root meristem. Keywords Chromosomal abnormalities Industrial effluent Anatomic changes Mutations Cellular death