Search for the Most 鈥榩rimitive鈥?Membranes and Their Reinforcers: A Review of the Polyprenyl Phosphates Theory
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- 作者：Yoichi Nakatani (1)
Nigel Ribeiro (1)
St茅phane Streiff (1)
Mari Gotoh (1)
Gianluca Pozzi (1)
Laurent D茅saubry (1)
Alain Milon (1)
1. Institute of Chemistry ; University of Strasbourg - CNRS ; 67000 ; Strasbourg ; France - 关键词：Early formation and evolution of membranes ; Vesicles ; Membrane reinforcement ; Terpenoids ; Isoprenoids ; Cholesterol ; Archaea ; Polyprenyl phosphates ; Polyprenols
- 刊名：Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres
- 出版年：2014
- 出版时间：September 2014
- 年：2014
- 卷：44
- 期：3
- 页码：197-208
- 全文大小：878 KB
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- 出版者：Springer Netherlands
- ISSN：1573-0875
文摘
Terpenoids have an essential function in present-day cellular membranes, either as membrane reinforcers in Eucarya and Bacteria or as principal membrane constituents in Archaea. We have shown that some terpenoids, such as cholesterol and 伪, 蠅-dipolar carotenoids reinforce lipid membranes by measuring the water permeability of unilamellar vesicles. It was possible to arrange the known membrane terpenoids in a 鈥榩hylogenetic鈥?sequence, and a retrograde analysis led us to conceive that single-chain polyprenyl phosphates might have been 鈥榩rimitive鈥?membrane constituents. By using an optical microscopy, we have observed that polyprenyl phosphates containing 15 to 30 C-atoms form giant vesicles in water in a wide pH range. The addition of 10聽% molar of some polyprenols to polyprenyl phosphate vesicles have been shown to reduce the water permeability of membranes even more efficiently than the equimolecular addition of cholesterol. A 鈥榩rebiotic鈥?synthesis of C10 and C15 prenols from C5 monoprenols was achieved in the presence of a montmorillonite clay. Hypothetical pathway from C1 or C2 units to 鈥榩rimitive鈥?membranes and that from 鈥榩rimitive鈥?membranes to archaeal lipids are presented.