Novel Interventions to Prevent HIV and HCV Among Persons Who Inject Drugs

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Phillip O. Coffin (1) (2)
  Christopher Rowe (1) (3)
  Glenn-Milo Santos (1) (2)
  
  1. San Francisco Department of Public Health ; 25 Van Ness Ave Suite 500 ; San Francisco ; CA ; 94102 ; USA
  2. University of California San Francisco ; San Francisco ; USA
  3. University of California Berkeley ; Berkeley ; USA
  
• 关键词：Injection drug use (IDU) ; HIV ; Hepatitis C ; Behavioral interventions ; Pharmacotherapies ; Overdose
• 刊名：Current HIV/AIDS Reports
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：March 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：12
• 期：1
• 页码：145-163
• 全文大小：526 KB
• 参考文献：1. Mathers, BM, Degenhardt, L, Phillips, B, Wiessing, L, Hickman, M, Strathdee, SA (2008) Global epidemiology of injecting drug use and HIV among people who inject drugs: a systematic review. Lancet 372: pp. 1733-45 CrossRef
  2. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). Global AIDS response progress reporting (GARPR). Geneva, Switzerland2014.
  3. Baggaley, RF, Boily, MC, White, RG, Alary, M (2006) Risk of HIV-1 transmission for parenteral exposure and blood transfusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS 20: pp. 805-12 CrossRef
  4. Degenhardt, L, Whiteford, HA, Ferrari, AJ, Baxter, AJ, Charlson, FJ, Hall, WD (2013) Global burden of disease attributable to illicit drug use and dependence: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 382: pp. 1564-74 CrossRef
  5. Lansky, A, Finlayson, T, Johnson, C, Holtzman, D, Wejnert, C, Mitsch, A (2014) Estimating the number of persons who inject drugs in the United States by meta-analysis to calculate national rates of HIV and Hepatitis C virus infections. PLoS One 9: pp. e97596 CrossRef
  6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Viral Hepatitis Surveillance: United States, 2011. In: Hepatitis DoV, editor. Atlanta GA2013.
  7. Ward J. The epidemiology of hepatitis C: how did we get here? Centers for Disease Prevention and Control Public Health Grand Rounds; 17 June; Atlanta GA 2014.
  8. Gupta, P, Hepatitis, C (2013) Virus and HIV type 1 co-infection. Infect Dis Rep 5: pp. e7 CrossRef
  9. Mathers, BM, Degenhardt, L, Ali, H, Wiessing, L, Hickman, M, Mattick, RP (2010) HIV prevention, treatment, and care services for people who inject drugs: a systematic review of global, regional, and national coverage. Lancet 375: pp. 1014-28 CrossRef
  10. Abdul-Quader, AS, Feelemyer, J, Modi, S, Stein, ES, Briceno, A, Semaan, S (2013) Effectiveness of structural-level needle/syringe programs to reduce HCV and HIV infection among people who inject drugs: a systematic review. AIDS Behav 17: pp. 2878-92 CrossRef
  11. Degenhardt, L, Mathers, B, Vickerman, P, Rhodes, T, Latkin, C, Hickman, M (2010) Prevention of HIV infection for people who inject drugs: why individual, structural, and combination approaches are needed. Lancet 376: pp. 285-301 CrossRef
  12. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). The GAP Report. Geneva, Switzerland: UNAIDS2014 July 2014 Contract No.: ISBN 978-92-9253-062-4.
  13. Chiu J, Burris S. Punitive drug law and the risk environment for injecting drug users: understanding the connections. 2011.
  14. Wolfe, D, Carrieri, MP, Shepard, D (2010) Treatment and care for injecting drug users with HIV infection: a review of barriers and ways forward. Lancet 376: pp. 355-66 CrossRef
  15. Cohen, MS, Chen, YQ, McCauley, M, Gamble, T, Hosseinipour, MC, Kumarasamy, N (2011) Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med 365: pp. 493-505 CrossRef
  16. Strathdee, SA, Shoptaw, S, Dyer, TP, Quan, VM, Aramrattana, A (2012) Towards combination HIV prevention for injection drug users: addressing addictophobia, apathy and inattention. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 7: pp. 320-5 CrossRef
  17. Choopanya, K, Martin, M, Suntharasamai, P, Sangkum, U, Mock, PA, Leethochawalit, M (2013) Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV infection in injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand (the Bangkok Tenofovir Study): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet 381: pp. 2083-90 CrossRef
  18. Grant, RM, Lama, JR, Anderson, PL, McMahan, V, Liu, AY, Vargas, L (2010) Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men. N Engl J Med 363: pp. 2587-99 CrossRef
  19. Baeten, JM, Donnell, D, Ndase, P, Mugo, NR, Campbell, JD, Wangisi, J (2012) Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention in heterosexual men and women. N Engl J Med 367: pp. 399-410 CrossRef
  20. World Health Organization. Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for key populations. Geneva Switzerland2014. p. Pages xviii, 39.
  21. Vos, AS, Prins, M, Coutinho, RA, Helm, JJ, Kretzschmar, ME (2014) Treatment as prevention among injecting drug users; extrapolating from the Amsterdam cohort study. AIDS 28: pp. 911-8 CrossRef
  22. Kirk G, Galai N, Astemborski J, Linas B, Celentano D, Mehta S et al. Decline in community viral load strongly associated with declining HIV incidence among IDU. 18th Conference on Retrovirusses and Opportunistic Infections; February 27鈥揗arch 2, 2011; Boston, MA: CROI; 2011. p. 484.
  23. Wood, E, Kerr, T, Marshall, BD, Li, K, Zhang, R, Hogg, RS (2009) Longitudinal community plasma HIV-1 RNA concentrations and incidence of HIV-1 among injecting drug users: prospective cohort study. BMJ 338: pp. b1649 CrossRef
  24. National Institutes of Health. Hospital Visit as Opportunity for Prevention and Engagement for HIV-Infected Drug Users (CTN0049). NIH, Bethesda, MD. 2014. http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01612169. Accessed 11/05/2014 2014.
  25. Charlebois, A, Lee, L, Cooper, E, Mason, K, Powis, J (2012) Factors associated with HCV antiviral treatment uptake among participants of a community-based HCV programme for marginalized patients. J Viral Hepat 19: pp. 836-42 CrossRef
  26. Hellard, M, Sacks-Davis, R, Gold, J (2009) Hepatitis C treatment for injection drug users: a review of the available evidence. Clin Infect Dis : Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am 49: pp. 561-73 CrossRef
  27. Holmberg, SD, Spradling, PR, Moorman, AC, Denniston, MM (2013) Hepatitis C in the United States. N Engl J Med 368: pp. 1859-61 CrossRef
  28. Putka, B, Mullen, K, Birdi, S, Merheb, M (2009) The disposition of hepatitis C antibody-positive patients in an urban hospital. J Viral Hepat 16: pp. 814-21 CrossRef
  29. Groom, H, Dieperink, E, Nelson, DB, Garrard, J, Johnson, JR, Ewing, SL (2008) Outcomes of a hepatitis C screening program at a large urban VA medical center. J Clin Gastroenterol 42: pp. 97-106 CrossRef
  30. Irving, WL, Smith, S, Cater, R, Pugh, S, Neal, KR, Coupland, CA (2006) Clinical pathways for patients with newly diagnosed hepatitis C鈥攚hat actually happens. J Viral Hepat 13: pp. 264-71 CrossRef
  31. Falck-Ytter, Y, Kale, H, Mullen, KD, Sarbah, SA, Sorescu, L, McCullough, AJ (2002) Surprisingly small effect of antiviral treatment in patients with hepatitis C. Ann Intern Med 136: pp. 288-92 CrossRef
  32. Mehta, SH, Genberg, BL, Astemborski, J, Kavasery, R, Kirk, GD, Vlahov, D (2008) Limited uptake of hepatitis C treatment among injection drug users. J Community Health 33: pp. 126-33 CrossRef
  33. Koram, N, Liu, H, Li, J, Luo, J, Nield, J (2011) Role of social network dimensions in the transition to injection drug use: actions speak louder than words. AIDS Behav 15: pp. 1579-88 CrossRef
  34. Morrill, JA, Shrestha, M, Grant, RW (2005) Barriers to the treatment of hepatitis C. Patient, provider, and system factors. J Gen Intern Med 20: pp. 754-8 CrossRef
  35. Lawitz, E, Poordad, FF, Pang, PS, Hyland, RH, Ding, X, Mo, H (2014) Sofosbuvir and ledipasvir fixed-dose combination with and without ribavirin in treatment-naive and previously treated patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus infection (LONESTAR): an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial. Lancet 383: pp. 515-23 CrossRef
  36. Afdhal, N, Zeuzem, S, Kwo, P, Chojkier, M, Gitlin, N, Puoti, M (2014) Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for untreated HCV genotype 1 infection. N Engl J Med 370: pp. 1889-98 CrossRef
  37. Afdhal, N, Reddy, KR, Nelson, DR, Lawitz, E, Gordon, SC, Schiff, E (2014) Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for previously treated HCV genotype 1 infection. N Engl J Med 370: pp. 1483-93 CrossRef
  38. Kowdley, KV, Gordon, SC, Reddy, KR, Rossaro, L, Bernstein, DE, Lawitz, E (2014) Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for 8 or 12聽weeks for chronic HCV without cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 370: pp. 1879-88 CrossRef
  39. Townsend KS, Osinusi A, Nelson AK, Kohli A, Gross C, Polis MA et al. High efficacy of sofosbuvir/ledipasvir for the treatment of HCV genotype 1 in patients coinfected with HIV on or off antiretroviral therapy: results from the NIAID ERADICATE trial. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases: The Liver Meeting 2014; 7鈥?1 November 2014; Boston MA 2014.
  40. Lawitz EJ, Hebner CM, Pang PS, Hyland RH, Miller MD, Mo H et al. Sofosbuvir/ledipasvir fixed dose combination is highly effective in subjects with baseline NS5A inhibitor and NS3 protease inhibitor resistance-associated variants: the Lonestar Trial (Abstract #1844). The Liver Meeting 2013; 1鈥? November 2013; Washington DC 2013.
  41. Martin, NK, Vickerman, P, Grebely, J, Hellard, M, Hutchinson, SJ, Lima, VD (2013) Hepatitis C virus treatment for prevention among people who inject drugs: modeling treatment scale-up in the age of direct-acting antivirals. Hepatology.
  42. Page, K, Morris, MD, Hahn, JA, Maher, L, Prins, M (2013) Injection drug use and hepatitis C virus infection in young adult injectors: using evidence to inform comprehensive prevention. Clin Infect Dis : Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am 57: pp. S32-8 CrossRef
  43. Page, K, Osburn, W, Evans, J, Hahn, JA, Lum, P, Asher, A (2013) Frequent longitudinal sampling of hepatitis C virus infection in injection drug users reveals intermittently detectable viremia and reinfection. Clin Infect Dis : Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am 56: pp. 405-13 CrossRef
  44. Hilsden, RJ, Macphail, G, Grebely, J, Conway, B, Lee, SS (2013) Directly observed pegylated interferon plus self-administered ribavirin for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection in people actively using drugs: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis : Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am 57: pp. S90-6 CrossRef
  45. Thorpe, LE, Ouellet, LJ, Hershow, R, Bailey, SL, Williams, IT, Williamson, J (2002) Risk of hepatitis C virus infection among young adult injection drug users who share injection equipment. Am J Epidemiol 155: pp. 645-53 CrossRef
  46. Purcell, DW, Latka, MH, Metsch, LR, Latkin, CA, Gomez, CA, Mizuno, Y (2007) Results from a randomized controlled trial of a peer-mentoring intervention to reduce HIV transmission and increase access to care and adherence to HIV medications among HIV-seropositive injection drug users. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 46: pp. S35-47 CrossRef
  47. Mackesy-Amiti, ME, Finnegan, L, Ouellet, LJ, Golub, ET, Hagan, H, Hudson, SM (2013) Peer-education intervention to reduce injection risk behaviors benefits high-risk young injection drug users: a latent transition analysis of the CIDUS 3/DUIT study. AIDS Behav 17: pp. 2075-83 CrossRef
  48. Go, VF, Frangakis, C, Minh, N, Latkin, CA, Ha, TV, Mo, TT (2013) Effects of an HIV peer prevention intervention on sexual and injecting risk behaviors among injecting drug users and their risk partners in Thai Nguyen, Vietnam: a randomized controlled trial. Soc Sci Med 96: pp. 154-64 CrossRef
  49. El-Bassel, N, Gilbert, L, Terlikbayeva, A, Beyrer, C, Wu, E, Chang, M (2014) Effects of a couple-based intervention to reduce risks for HIV, HCV, and STIs among drug-involved heterosexual couples in Kazakhstan: a randomized controlled trial. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 67: pp. 196-203 CrossRef
  50. Strathdee, SA, Abramovitz, D, Lozada, R, Martinez, G, Rangel, MG, Vera, A (2013) Reductions in HIV/STI incidence and sharing of injection equipment among female sex workers who inject drugs: results from a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 8: pp. e65812 CrossRef
  51. Mateu-Gelabert, P, Gwadz, MV, Guarino, H, Sandoval, M, Cleland, CM, Jordan, A (2014) The staying safe intervention: training people who inject drugs in strategies to avoid injection-related HCV and HIV infection. AIDS Educ Prev : Off Publ Int Soc AIDS Educ 26: pp. 144-57 CrossRef
  52. Mayor, AM, Fernandez, DM, Colon, H, Thomas, JC, Miranda, C, Hunter-Mellado, RF (2013) Hepatitis-C multimedia prevention program in poor Hispanic HIV-infected injecting drug users: six months after intervention. J Health Care Poor Underserved 24: pp. 29-37
  53. Dunn, KE, Saulsgiver, KA, Patrick, ME, Heil, SH, Higgins, ST, Sigmon, SC (2013) Characterizing and improving HIV and hepatitis knowledge among primary prescription opioid abusers. Drug Alcohol Depend 133: pp. 625-32 CrossRef
  54. Wang, K, Fu, H, Longfield, K, Modi, S, Mundy, G, Firestone, R (2014) Do community-based strategies reduce HIV risk among people who inject drugs in China?. Quasi-exp Study Yunnan Guangxi Provinces Harm Reduction J 11: pp. 15 CrossRef
  55. Latkin, C, Donnell, D, Liu, TY, Davey-Rothwell, M, Celentano, D, Metzger, D (2013) The dynamic relationship between social norms and behaviors: the results of an HIV prevention network intervention for injection drug users. Addiction 108: pp. 934-43 CrossRef
  56. Copenhaver, MM, Lee, IC, Baldwin, P (2013) A randomized controlled trial of the community-friendly health recovery program (CHRP) among high-risk drug users in treatment. AIDS Behav 17: pp. 2902-13 CrossRef
  57. Kirby, KC, Carpenedo, CM, Dugosh, KL, Rosenwasser, BJ, Benishek, LA, Janik, A (2013) Randomized clinical trial examining duration of voucher-based reinforcement therapy for cocaine abstinence. Drug Alcohol Depend 132: pp. 639-45 CrossRef
  58. Dunn, KE, Fingerhood, M, Wong, CJ, Svikis, DS, Nuzzo, P, Silverman, K (2014) Employment-based abstinence reinforcement following inpatient detoxification in HIV-positive opioid and/or cocaine-dependent patients. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 22: pp. 75-85 CrossRef
  59. Holtyn, AF, Koffarnus, MN, Defulio, A, Sigurdsson, SO, Strain, EC, Schwartz, RP (2014) The therapeutic workplace to promote treatment engagement and drug abstinence in out-of-treatment injection drug users: a randomized controlled trial. Prev Med.
  60. Otiashvili, D, Piralishvili, G, Sikharulidze, Z, Kamkamidze, G, Poole, S, Woody, GE (2013) Methadone and buprenorphine-naloxone are effective in reducing illicit buprenorphine and other opioid use, and reducing HIV risk behavior鈥攐utcomes of a randomized trial. Drug Alcohol Depend 133: pp. 376-82 CrossRef
  61. Dvoriak, S, Karachevsky, A, Chhatre, S, Booth, R, Metzger, D, Schumacher, J (2014) Methadone maintenance for HIV positive and HIV negative patients in Kyiv: acceptability and treatment response. Drug Alcohol Depend 137: pp. 62-7 CrossRef
  62. Krupitsky, E, Nunes, EV, Ling, W, Gastfriend, DR, Memisoglu, A, Silverman, BL (2013) Injectable extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) for opioid dependence: long-term safety and effectiveness. Addiction 108: pp. 1628-37 CrossRef
  63. Krupitsky, E, Nunes, EV, Ling, W, Illeperuma, A, Gastfriend, DR, Silverman, BL (2011) Injectable extended-release naltrexone for opioid dependence: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre randomised trial. Lancet 377: pp. 1506-13 CrossRef
  64. Coffin P. Overdose: a major cause of preventable death in Central and Eastern Europe in Central Asia: recommendations and overview of the situation in Latvia, Kyrgyzstan, Romania, Russia and Tajikistan. Vilnius, Lithuania: Eurasian Harm Reduction Network (EHRN)2008.
  65. Grau, LE, Green, TC, Torban, M, Blinnikova, K, Krupitsky, E, Ilyuk, R (2009) Psychosocial and contextual correlates of opioid overdose risk among drug users in St. Petersburg, Russia. Harm Reduction J 6: pp. 17 CrossRef
  66. Colfax, GN, Santos, GM, Das, M, Santos, DM, Matheson, T, Gasper, J (2011) Mirtazapine to reduce methamphetamine use: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry 68: pp. 1168-75 CrossRef
  67. Johnson, BA, Ait-Daoud, N, Wang, XQ, Penberthy, JK, Javors, MA, Seneviratne, C (2013) Topiramate for the treatment of cocaine addiction: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry 70: pp. 1338-46 CrossRef
  68. Miles, SW, Sheridan, J, Russell, B, Kydd, R, Wheeler, A, Walters, C (2013) Extended-release methylphenidate for treatment of amphetamine/methamphetamine dependence: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Addiction 108: pp. 1279-86 CrossRef
  69. Coffin, PO, Santos, GM, Das, M, Santos, DM, Huffaker, S, Matheson, T (2013) Aripiprazole for the treatment of methamphetamine dependence: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Addiction 108: pp. 751-61 CrossRef
  70. Dursteler-MacFarland, KM, Farronato, NS, Strasser, J, Boss, J, Kuntze, MF, Petitjean, SA (2013) A randomized, controlled, pilot trial of methylphenidate and cognitive-behavioral group therapy for cocaine dependence in heroin prescription. J Clin Psychopharmacol 33: pp. 104-8 CrossRef
  71. Lee, N, Pennay, A, Hester, R, McKetin, R, Nielsen, S, Ferris, J (2013) A pilot randomised controlled trial of modafinil during acute methamphetamine withdrawal: feasibility, tolerability and clinical outcomes. Drug Alcohol Rev 32: pp. 88-95 CrossRef
  72. Heinzerling, KG, Gadzhyan, J, Oudheusden, H, Rodriguez, F, McCracken, J, Shoptaw, S (2013) Pilot randomized trial of bupropion for adolescent methamphetamine abuse/dependence. J Adolesc Health : Off Publ Soc Adolesc Med 52: pp. 502-5 CrossRef
  73. Winhusen, TM, Kropp, F, Lindblad, R, Douaihy, A, Haynes, L, Hodgkins, C (2014) Multisite, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of buspirone as a relapse-prevention treatment for cocaine dependence. J Clin Psychiatry 75: pp. 757-64 CrossRef
  74. LaRowe, SD, Kalivas, PW, Nicholas, JS, Randall, PK, Mardikian, PN, Malcolm, RJ (2013) A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of cocaine dependence. Am J Addict / Am Acad Psychiatrists Alcohol and Addict 22: pp. 443-52
  75. Walsh, SL, Middleton, LS, Wong, CJ, Nuzzo, PA, Campbell, CL, Rush, CR (2013) Atomoxetine does not alter cocaine use in cocaine dependent individuals: double blind randomized trial. Drug Alcohol Depend 130: pp. 150-7 CrossRef
  76. Somoza, EC, Winship, D, Gorodetzky, CW, Lewis, D, Ciraulo, DA, Galloway, GP (2013) A multisite, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of vigabatrin for treating cocaine dependence. JAMA Psychiatry 70: pp. 630-7 CrossRef
  77. Verrico, CD, Mahoney, JJ, Thompson-Lake, DG, Bennett, RS, Newton, TF, Garza, R (2014) Safety and efficacy of varenicline to reduce positive subjective effects produced by methamphetamine in methamphetamine-dependent volunteers. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 17: pp. 223-33 CrossRef
  78. Schottenfeld, RS, Chawarski, MC, Cubells, JF, George, TP, Lappalainen, J, Kosten, TR (2014) Randomized clinical trial of disulfiram for cocaine dependence or abuse during buprenorphine treatment. Drug Alcohol Depend 136: pp. 36-42 CrossRef
  79. Shorter, D, Lindsay, JA, Kosten, TR (2013) The alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist doxazosin for treatment of cocaine dependence: a pilot study. Drug Alcohol Depend 131: pp. 66-70 CrossRef
  80. Nielsen, DA, Hamon, SC, Kosten, TR (2013) The kappa-opioid receptor gene as a predictor of response in a cocaine vaccine clinical trial. Psychiatr Genet 23: pp. 225-32 CrossRef
  81. Wang, C, Vlahov, D, Galai, N, Cole, SR, Bareta, J, Pollini, R (2005) The effect of HIV infection on overdose mortality. AIDS 19: pp. 935-42 CrossRef
  82. Zaccarelli, M, Gattari, P, Rezza, G, Conti, S, Spizzichino, L, Vlahov, D (1994) Impact of HIV infection on non-AIDS mortality among Italian injecting drug users. AIDS 8: pp. 345-50 CrossRef
  83. Green, TC, McGowan, SK, Yokell, MA, Pouget, ER, Rich, JD (2012) HIV infection and risk of overdose: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS 26: pp. 403-17 CrossRef
  84. Jenkins, LM, Banta-Green, CJ, Maynard, C, Kingston, S, Hanrahan, M, Merrill, JO (2011) Risk factors for nonfatal overdose at Seattle-area syringe exchanges. J Urban Health : Bull N Y Acad Med 88: pp. 118-28 CrossRef
  85. Coffin PO, Coffin LM, Fitzpatrick T, Murphy S. Drug overdose, lay naloxone, and HIV risk behaviors among persons who inject drugs. XIX International AIDS Conference; July 23, 2012; Washington, DC2012. Abstract#MOPE218.
  86. Dettmer, K, Saunders, B, Strang, J (2001) Take home naloxone and the prevention of deaths from opiate overdose: two pilot schemes. BMJ 322: pp. 895-6 CrossRef
  87. Enteen, L, Bauer, J, McLean, R, Wheeler, E, Huriaux, E, Kral, AH (2010) Overdose prevention and naloxone prescription for opioid users in San Francisco. J Urban Health : Bull N Y Acad Med 87: pp. 931-41 CrossRef
  88. Bennett, AS, Bell, A, Tomedi, L, Hulsey, EG, Kral, AH (2011) Characteristics of an overdose prevention, response, and naloxone distribution program in Pittsburgh and Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. J Urban Health : Bull N Y Acad Med 88: pp. 1020-30 CrossRef
  89. Walley, AY, Xuan, Z, Hackman, HH, Quinn, E, Doe-Simkins, M, Sorensen-Alawad, A (2013) Opioid overdose rates and implementation of overdose education and nasal naloxone distribution in Massachusetts: interrupted time series analysis. BMJ 346: pp. f174 CrossRef
  90. Binswanger, IA, Blatchford, PJ, Mueller, SR, Stern, MF (2013) Mortality after prison release: opioid overdose and other causes of death, risk factors, and time trends from 1999 to 2009. Ann Intern Med 159: pp. 592-600 CrossRef
  91. National Services Scotland. National Naloxone Programme Scotland鈥攏aloxone kits issued in 2013/14 and trends in opioid-related deaths. Glasgow, Scotland. 2014. http://www.isdscotland.org/Health-Topics/Drugs-and-Alcohol-Misuse/Publications/index.asp - 1317. Accessed 4 November 2014. / Providing naloxone to prisoners at the time of release from incarceration is associated with a substantial decrease in opioid overdose mortality in the 4聽weeks after release.
  92. Walley, AY, Doe-Simkins, M, Quinn, E, Pierce, C, Xuan, Z, Ozonoff, A (2013) Opioid overdose prevention with intranasal naloxone among people who take methadone. J Subst Abus Treat 44: pp. 241-7 CrossRef
  93. Sabzghabaee, AM, Eizadi-Mood, N, Yaraghi, A, Zandifar, S (2014) Naloxone therapy in opioid overdose patients: intranasal or intravenous? A randomized clinical trial. Arch Med Sci : AMS 10: pp. 309-14 CrossRef
  94. Jones, JD, Roux, P, Stancliff, S, Matthews, W, Comer, SD (2014) Brief overdose education can significantly increase accurate recognition of opioid overdose among heroin users. Int J Drug Policy 25: pp. 166-70 CrossRef
  95. Williams, AV, Marsden, J, Strang, J (2014) Training family members to manage heroin overdose and administer naloxone: randomized trial of effects on knowledge and attitudes. Addiction 109: pp. 250-9 CrossRef
  96. Coffin, PO, Sullivan, SD (2013) Cost-effectiveness of distributing naloxone to heroin users for lay overdose reversal. Ann Intern Med 158: pp. 1-9 CrossRef
  97. Jozaghi, E, Andresen, MM (2013) Should North America鈥檚 first and only supervised injection facility (InSite) be expanded in British Columbia, Canada?. Harm Reduction J 10: pp. 1 CrossRef
  98. Reddon, H, Wood, E, Tyndall, M, Lai, C, Hogg, R, Montaner, J (2011) Use of North America鈥檚 first medically supervised safer injecting facility among HIV-positive injection drug users. AIDS Educ Prev : Off Publ Int Soc AIDS Educ 23: pp. 412-22 CrossRef
  99. Aspinall, EJ, Nambiar, D, Goldberg, DJ, Hickman, M, Weir, A, Velzen, E (2014) Are needle and syringe programmes associated with a reduction in HIV transmission among people who inject drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol 43: pp. 235-48 CrossRef
  100. MacArthur, GJ, Velzen, E, Palmateer, N, Kimber, J, Pharris, A, Hope, V (2014) Interventions to prevent HIV and hepatitis C in people who inject drugs: a review of reviews to assess evidence of effectiveness. Int J Drug policy 25: pp. 34-52 CrossRef
  
• 刊物主题：Medicine/Public Health, general;
• 出版者：Springer US
• ISSN：1548-3576

文摘

Persons who inject drugs (PWID) are at high risk for infection with and poor outcomes from HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Well-established interventions for HIV/HCV prevention among PWID include syringe access, opioid agonist maintenance treatment, and supervised injection facilities, yet these interventions remain unavailable or inadequately resourced in much of the world. We review recent literature on biomedical and behavioral interventions to reduce the burden of HIV/HCV among PWID, with an emphasis on randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies. Since 2013, there have been significant advancements in utilizing antiviral therapy and behavioral interventions for prevention among PWID, including approaches that address the unique needs of couples and sex workers. In addition, there have been significant developments in pharmacotherapies for substance use and the implementation of naloxone for opioid overdose prevention. Notwithstanding multiple ongoing structural challenges in delivering HIV/HCV prevention interventions to PWID, these emerging and rigorously evaluated interventions expand possibilities for prevention among PWID.