An?sthesie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen nach angeborenen Herzfehlern

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• 作者：Dr. T. Baehner ; O. Boehm ; M. Kliemann ; I. Heinze ; J. Breuer ; A. Hoeft…
• 关键词：H?modynamik ; Herzinsuffizienz ; Gerinnung ; Arrhythmie ; Notf?lle ; Hemodynamics ; Heart failure ; Coagulation ; Arrhythmia ; Emergencies
• 刊名：Der Anaesthesist
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：June 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：64
• 期：6
• 页码：424-437
• 全文大小：1,107 KB
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• 作者单位：Dr. T. Baehner (1)
  O. Boehm (1)
  M. Kliemann (2)
  I. Heinze (1)
  J. Breuer (3)
  A. Hoeft (1)
  G. Baumgarten (1)
  P. Knuefermann (4)
  
  1. Klinik und Poliklinik für An?sthesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Universit?tsklinikum Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Deutschland
  2. Abteilung für Kardiologie, Deutsches Kinderherzzentrum Sankt Augustin, Sankt Augustin, Deutschland
  3. Abteilung für Kinderkardiologie, Universit?tsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
  4. Klinik für An?sthesie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
  
• 刊物类别：Medicine
• 刊物主题：Medicine & Public Health
  Anesthesiology
  Emergency Medicine
  Intensive and Critical Care Medicine
  Pain Medicine
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-055X

文摘

The incidence of congenital heart defects (CHD) has remained constant over many years; however, due to improved therapeutic options an increasing number of children and adolescents even with complex heart defects now reach adulthood. The increasing prevalence of adults with persisting or surgically corrected CHD as well as age-dependent non-cardiac comorbidities will increase the need for medical and non-cardiac surgical treatment in this population. Although elective medical care for these patients should be reserved for highly specialized centers, emergency treatment might become necessary in a non-specialized hospital setting as well. Due to the variety and complexity of CHD it is difficult to provide standardized guidelines for the anesthetic management. The treatment of patients with complex CHD requires a profound understanding of the underlying CHD and the current state of the hemodynamics by the anesthesiologist. Furthermore, typical comorbidities, such as chronic heart failure, altered coagulation and arrhythmia also have to be taken into account to ensure successful perioperative treatment. Especially in patients with shunt lesions or passive pulmonary blood flow the anesthetic management often substantially affects the hemodynamics and may be the starting point of severe decompensation. Awareness of anesthesia-induced changes of pulmonary and/or systemic vascular resistance as well as of preload alterations are the basis for successful anesthetic management. Finally, a multidisciplinary approach including cardiologists and radiologists in the planning is absolutely essential to achieve an optimal postoperative result for the patient.