Mechanisms of Axonal Damage and Repair after Central Nervous System Injury

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• 作者：Naohiro Egawa ; Josephine Lok ; Kazuo Washida ; Ken Arai
• 关键词：Axonal repair ; Axonal regeneration ; CNS injury
• 刊名：Translational Stroke Research
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：February 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：8
• 期：1
• 页码：14-21
• 全文大小：
• 刊物主题：Neurosciences; Neurology; Cardiology; Neurosurgery; Vascular Surgery;
• 出版者：Springer US
• ISSN：1868-601X
• 卷排序：8

文摘

Central nervous system (CNS) injury initiates spatial and temporal neurodegeneration. Under pathologic conditions, damaged glial cells cannot supply sufficient metabolites to neurons, leading to energy deficiency for neuronal axons. The widespread disruption of cellular membranes causes disturbed intracellular signaling via dysregulated ionic gradients in neurons. Although several deleterious cascades are activated during the acute phase of CNS injury, some compensatory responses may tend to promote axonal repair during the chronic/remodeling phase. Because it may not be easy to block all multifactorial neurodegenerative pathways after CNS injury, supporting or boosting endogenous regenerative mechanisms would be an important therapeutic approach for CNS diseases. In this mini-review, we briefly but broadly introduce basic mechanisms that trigger axonal degeneration and then discuss potential targets for promoting axonal regeneration after CNS injury.