Eco-geographic units, population hierarchy, and a two-level conservation strategy with reference to a critically endangered salmonid, Sakhalin taimen Parahucho perryi

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• 作者：Lev A. Zhivotovsky (1)
  Andrey A. Yurchenko (1)
  Vitaly D. Nikitin (2)
  Sergei N. Safronov (2)
  Marina V. Shitova (1)
  Sergei F. Zolotukhin (3)
  Sergei S. Makeev (4)
  Steven Weiss (5)
  Peter S. Rand (6)
  Anatoly Yu. Semenchenko (7) (8)
  
  1. Institute of General Genetics ; Russian Academy of Sciences ; 3 Gubkin St. ; Moscow ; 119991 ; Russia
  2. Sakhalin Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography ; Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk ; Russia
  3. Khabarovsk Branch of Pacific Research Fisheries Centre ; Khabarovsk ; Russia
  4. FGUP 鈥淪akhalinrybvod鈥? Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk ; Russia
  5. Institute of Zoology ; Graz ; Austria
  6. Wild Salmon Center ; Portland ; OR ; USA
  7. ANO 鈥淪akhalin Salmon Initiatives鈥? Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk ; Russia
  8. Scientific and Educational Complex 鈥淧rimorsky Aquarium鈥? Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences ; Vladivostok ; Russia
  
• 关键词：Semi ; anadromous salmonid fish ; Genetic divergence ; Reproductive isolation ; Restricted gene flow ; Small population and sample size ; Landscape genetics
• 刊名：Conservation Genetics
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：April 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：16
• 期：2
• 页码：431-441
• 全文大小：1,430 KB
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• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Biomedicine
  Human Genetics
  Animal Anatomy, Morphology and Histology
  Plant Sciences
  Evolutionary Biology
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1572-9737

文摘

Hierarchical population structure can result from range-wide geographic subdivision under conditions of environmental heterogeneity and weak gene flow. While a lower level of structure can be formed by local populations within eco-geographic regions, an upper level can be characterized by variation between populations from different regions, and thus, be represented by evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) defined by environmental, ecological and genetic variation. Selection of ESUs may depend on the sequence of using these three sources of variation. We propose to determine ESUs by first using non-genetic, ecological and geographical gradients for defining preliminary population groups (eco-geographic units, EGUs) and then testing whether the boundaries of these units are genetically coherent and thus represent ESUs or warrant their further modification. We evaluate this approach using Sakhalin taimen, an East Asian endangered endemic fish. Forty-one samples (473 fish) were drawn from thirty populations across the species range and genotyped at microsatellite DNA markers. We assign the populations into ESUs based on geographic and life history criteria and subsequent application of genetic diversity analyses. The ESUs appeared to be greatly diverged genetically. Within ESUs, local populations are genetically differentiated, have low effective sizes, show signatures of demographic decline and extremely restricted gene flow. Conservation plans aimed to restore or maintain a specific threatened population should take into account such hierarchical structure, and in particular be based on the genetic resources drawn from each population or using ecologically and genetically similar populations from the same ESU as donors for restoration of the population.