Cranial biomechanics of Diplodocus (Dinosauria, Sauropoda): testing hypotheses of feeding behaviour in an extinct megaherbivore

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• 作者：Mark T. Young (1267)
  Emily J. Rayfield (1)
  Casey M. Holliday (3)
  Lawrence M. Witmer (4)
  David J. Button (1)
  Paul Upchurch (5)
  Paul M. Barrett (2) P.Barrett@nhm.ac.uk
• 关键词：Finite element analysis – ; Palaeobiology – ; Herbivory – ; Sauropod dinosaur
• 刊名：Naturwissenschaften
• 出版年：2012
• 出版时间：August 2012
• 年：2012
• 卷：99
• 期：8
• 页码：637-643
• 全文大小：344.0 KB
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• 作者单位：1. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ UK2. Department of Palaeontology, The Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD UK3. Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA4. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA5. Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK6. School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, The King鈥檚 Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JW UK7. Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
• ISSN：1432-1904

文摘

Sauropod dinosaurs were the largest terrestrial herbivores and pushed at the limits of vertebrate biomechanics and physiology. Sauropods exhibit high craniodental diversity in ecosystems where numerous species co-existed, leading to the hypothesis that this biodiversity is linked to niche subdivision driven by ecological specialisation. Here, we quantitatively investigate feeding behaviour hypotheses for the iconic sauropod Diplodocus. Biomechanical modelling, using finite element analysis, was used to examine the performance of the Diplodocus skull. Three feeding behaviours were modelled: muscle-driven static biting, branch stripping and bark stripping. The skull was found to be ‘over engineered’ for static biting, overall experiencing low stress with only the dentition enduring high stress. When branch stripping, the skull, similarly, is under low stress, with little appreciable difference between those models. When simulated for bark stripping, the skull experiences far greater stresses, especially in the teeth and at the jaw joint. Therefore, we refute the bark-stripping hypothesis, while the hypotheses of branch stripping and/or precision biting are both consistent with our findings, showing that branch stripping is a biomechanically plausible feeding behaviour for diplodocids. Interestingly, in all simulations, peak stress is observed in the premaxillary–maxillary ‘lateral plates’, supporting the hypothesis that these structures evolved to dissipate stress induced while feeding. These results lead us to conclude that the aberrant craniodental form of Diplodocus was adapted for food procurement rather than resisting high bite forces.