Histories of forced sex and health outcomes among Southern African lesbian and bisexual women: a cross-sectional study

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• 作者：Theo Sandfort (1)
  M Somjen Frazer (2) (6)
  Zethu Matebeni (3)
  Vasu Reddy (4)
  Ian Southey-Swartz (5)
  Southern African Lesbian and Bisexual Women Research Team
  
  1. HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies ; New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University ; New York ; NY ; USA
  2. Department of Sociomedical Sciences ; Mailman School of Public Health ; Columbia University ; New York ; NY ; USA
  6. Division of Gender Sexuality and Health ; Columbia University ; 1051 Riverside Drive ; Unit 15 ; New York ; NY ; 10032 ; USA
  3. Institute for Humanities in Africa ; HUMA ; University of Cape Town ; Rondebosch ; South Africa
  4. Human Sciences Research Council ; Human and Social Development Programme ; Pretoria ; South Africa and University of KwaZulu-Natal ; Durban ; South Africa
  5. Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa ; Johannesburg ; South Africa
  
• 关键词：Lesbian and bisexual women ; Forced sex ; Mental health ; Southern Africa
• 刊名：BMC Women's Health
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：December 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：15
• 期：1
• 全文大小：390 KB
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• 刊物主题：Gynecology; Maternal and Child Health; Reproductive Medicine;
• 出版者：BioMed Central
• ISSN：1472-6874

文摘

Background Experiences of forced sex have been shown to be prevalent in Southern Africa. Negative outcomes of forced sex have been documented in general populations of women and men and include alcohol abuse, drug use, mental health problems, mental distress, sexual health problems and poor overall health. This study is the first to examine experiences of forced sex and associated health problems among lesbian and bisexual women in Southern Africa. Methods This study is based on data collected as part of a collaborative endeavor involving various Southern African community-based organizations. Lesbian and bisexual women in four Southern African countries participated in a cross-sectional survey, for a total study sample of 591. Results Nearly one-third of participants had been forced to have sex at some time in their lives. Thirty-one percent of all women reported to have experienced forced sex at least once in their life: 14.9% reported forced sex by men only; 6.6% reported forced sex by women only; 9.6% had had forced sexual experiences with both men and women. Participants experienced forced sex by men as more serious than forced sex by women; forced sex by women was more likely to involve intimate partners compared to forced sex by men. Participants who experienced forced sex by men were more likely to report drug problems, mental distress and lower sense of belonging. Forced sex by women was associated with drinking problems and mental distress. Having experienced forced sex by both men and women was associated with lower sense of belonging to the LGBT community, drug use problem and mental distress. Conclusions The findings indicate that forced sex among Southern African women is a serious issue that needs further exploration. Clinicians should be made aware of the prevalence and possible consequences of forced sex among lesbian and bisexual women. Policies and community interventions should be designed to address this problem.