Assessment of the Effects of Freeze–Thaw and Salt Crystallization Ageing Tests on Anahita Temple Stone, Kangavar, West of Iran

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• 作者：M. Heidari ; M. Torabi-Kaveh ; H. Mohseni
• 关键词：Freeze–thaw ; Salt crystallization ; Weathering ; Durability of Anahita Temple stone
• 刊名：Geotechnical and Geological Engineering
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：February 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：35
• 期：1
• 页码：121-136
• 全文大小：
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences; Hydrogeology; Terrestrial Pollution; Waste Management/Waste Technology; Civil Engineering;
• 出版者：Springer International Publishing
• ISSN：1573-1529
• 卷排序：35

文摘

Building stone of Anahita Temple seriously suffers from weathering due to long term freezing-thawing and salt crystallization processes. This article investigates possible changes of physical and mechanical characteristics of this stone subjected to freeze–thaw and salt crystallization ageing tests. Fresh samples obtained from the Chelmaran quarry (the main quarry supplying for Anahita Temple stone) were tested under freeze–thaw and salt crystallization experiments. The freeze–thaw and sodium sulfate salt crystallization are suggested to be the most effective factors affecting in apparent deterioration of the stone in compare to the magnesium sulfate salt crystallization test. Significant decreases in mechanical properties of the stone were observed after freeze–thaw and salt crystallization tests. However, more mechanical losses were recorded after the salt crystallization cycles than the freeze–thaw cycles. This is probably due to crystallization pressure of salt crystals in compare to ice wedging force, which promoted more development of micro-fractures in the specimens. Probably, intrinsic factors of the stone such as frequent calcite veins and stylolites, are the main factors that control the durability of Anahita Temple stone. Preferential weakening along these features during freeze–thaw and salt crystallization cycles led to physical destruction and strength loss of the stone. Based on comparison between experimentally induced damages and field observations, reasonably freeze–thaw process is major factor in weathering of Anahita Temple stone. It should be noted that recorded 102 frozen days for the region imply high destruction potential of the stone during freeze–thaw cycles.