Symbiogenesis. A new principle of evolution rediscovery of Boris Mikhaylovich Kozo-Polyansky (1890-957)

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• 作者：Lynn Margulis (1)
  
• 关键词：symbiogenesis ; eukaryosis ; Kozo ; Polyansky ; speciation ; genetic mergers ; genome acquisitions
• 刊名：Paleontological Journal
• 出版年：2010
• 出版时间：December 2010
• 年：2010
• 卷：44
• 期：12
• 页码：1525-1539
• 全文大小：3706KB
• 参考文献：1. M. C. Alliegro and M. A. Alliegro, “Centrosomal RNA Correlates with Intron-Poor Nuclear Genes in / Spisula oocytes,-in / Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of USA, 2008, vol. 105, pp. 6993-997.
  2. M. A. Alliegro and M. C. Alliegro, “The Rediscovery of the Nucleolinus and Its Role in Spindle Formation,-in / Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of USA, 2010 (submitted).
  3. ? Brorson, J. Scythes, J. MacAllister, A. Wier, and L. Margulis, “Destruction of Spirochete / Borrelia burgdorferi Round-Body Propagules (RBs) by the Antibiotic Tigecycline,-in / Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of USA, 2009, vol. 106, pp. 18 656-8 661.
  4. L. R. Cleveland and A. V. Grimstone, “The Fine Structure of the Flagellate / Mixotricha paradoxa and Its Associated Microorganisms,-in / Proceedings of the Royal Society London, Ser. B., 1964, vol. 159, pp. 668-86.
  5. S. Dr?ge, J. Fr?hlich, R. Radek, and H. Koenig, -em class="a-plus-plus">Spirochaeta coccoides sp. nov., a Novel coccoid Spirochete from the Hindgut of the Termite / Neotermes castaneus,-Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, 391-97 (2006).
  6. G. Dubinina, M. Grabovich, N. Leshcheva, F. A. Rainey, and E. Gavrish, -em class="a-plus-plus">Spirochaeta perfilievii sp. nov., Oxygen-Tolerant, Sulfide Oxidizing, Sulfur and Thiosulfate-Reducing Spirochete Isolated from a Saline Spring,-International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60, 2002-050 (2010).
  7. V. Fet and L. Margulis, “Symbiogenesis and B.M. Kozo-Polyansky,-Sovremennoe sostoyanie, problemy i perspektivy regional’nykh botanicheskikh issledovanii [Current Status, Issues, and Perspectives of Regional Botanical Studies], / Materials of the International Conference, 2008, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia, 2008, pp. 6- [in Russian].
  8. R. Guerrero, L. Margulis, and V. Fet, “Darwin-Wallace Paradigm Shift. Ten Days That Failed to Shake the World,-Studies of the History of Biology 2(1), 85-0 (2010) [in Russian].
  9. J. L. Hall, “Spirochete Contribution to the Eukaryotic Genome,-in / Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of USA, 2010, MS no. 2009-08564 (in press).
  10. J. L. Hall and L. Margulis, “From Movement to Sensation. Chapter 13,- / Chimera and Consciousness, Evolution of the Sensory Self, Eds. by L. Margulis, C. Asikainen, and W. E. Krumbein (MIT Press, Cambridge (Mass.), 2010) (in press).
  11. L. N. Khakhina, / Concepts of Symbiogenesis: A Historical and Critical Study of the Research of Russian Botanists (Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, 1992).
  12. B. M. Kozo-Polyansky, / Novyi printzip biologii. Ocherk teorii simbiogeneza (Puchina, Leningrad; Moscow, 1924) [in Russian].
  13. B. M. Kozo-Polyansky, / Symbiogenesis: A New Principle of Evolution, Translation from the Russian by V. Fet, Eds. By V. Fet and L. Margulis (Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge (Mass.), 2010) (in press).
  14. L. Margulis, / Symbiosis in Cell Evolution: Microbial Communities in the Archean and Proterozoic Eons, 2nd ed. (W. H. Freeman, New York, 1993), vol. XXVII.
  15. L. Margulis and M. J. Chapman, / Kingdoms & Domains. An Illustrated Guide to the Phyla of Life on Earth (Elsevier, San Diego; London, 2010).
  16. L. Margulis, M. J. Chapman, R. Guerrero, and J. L. Hall, “The Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor (LECA): Acquisition of Cytoskeletal Motility from Aerotolerant Spirochetes in the Proterozoic Eon,-in / Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of USA, 2006, vol. 103, pp. 13080-3085.
  17. L. Margulis, M. Dolan, and J. Whiteside, “Imperfections and Oddities-in the Origin of the Nucleus,- / Paleobiology (Special Issue in Memory of Stephen J. Gould: Macroevolution: Diversity and Disparity), Eds. by E. S. Vrba and N. Eldredge, 2005, vol. 31,suppl. 2, pp. 175-91.
  18. L. Margulis, A. Maniotis, J. MacAllister, J. Scythes, M. J. Chapman, “Position Paper. Spirochete Round Bodies (RBs), Syphilis, Lyme Disease & AIDS: Resurgence of “the Great Imitator-,- / Symbiosis, 47, 51-8 (2009). CrossRef
  19. L. Margulis and D. Sagan, / Acquiring Genomes: A Theory of the Origins of Species (Basic Books, New York, 2002), vol. XVI.
  20. A. P. Shmagina, / Mertsatel’noe dvizhenie [Ciliary Movement] (Medgiz, Moscow, 1948) [in Russian].
  21. S. Sonea and L. G. Mathieu, / Prokaryotology: A Coherent View (Les presses de l’Université de Montreal, Montreal, 2000).
  22. M.-O. Soyer-Gobillard and J. Schrével, / Oral Presentations of Work of Edouard Chatton (at Laboratoire Arago, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France, 1986) (unpublished).
  23. Y. A. Vinnikov, / Evolution of Receptor Cells, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Biophysics (Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1982), vol. XII.
  24. I.E. Wallin, / Symbionticism and the Origin of Species (Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1927), vol. XI.
  25. M. R. Wenzel, R. Radek, G. Brugerolle, and H. Koenig, “Identification of Ectosymbiotic Bacteria of / Mixotricha paradoxa Involved in Motility Symbiosis,-European Journal of Protistology 39, 11-3 (2003). CrossRef
  26. A. M. Wier, M. F. Dolan, D. Grimaldi, R. Guerrero, J. Wagensberg, and L. Margulis, “Spirochete and Protist Symbionts of a Termite ( / Mastotermes electrodominicus) in Miocene Amber,-in / Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of USA, 2002, vol. 99, pp. 1410-413. CrossRef
  27. A. M. Wier, J. MacAllister, and L. Margulis, “Hibernacular Behavior of Spirochetes Inside Membrane-Bounded Vesicles of the Termite Protist / Staurojoenina assimilis,-Symbiosis 44, 75-3 (2007).
  28. A. M. Wier, L. Sacchi, M. F. Dolan, C. Bandi, J. MacAllister, and L. Margulis, “Spirochete Attachment Ultrastructure: Implications for the Origin and Evolution of Cilia,-The Biological Bulletin 218, 25-5 (2010).
  
• 作者单位：Lynn Margulis (1)
  
  1. University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, USA
  
• ISSN：1555-6174

文摘

The following is a heavily edited transcript of my illustrated lecture, that included our 14 minute video (with a 2 minute animation model) that shows each step in live organisms hypothesized in the origin of nucleated cells from bacteria (“eukaryosis-. New observations presented with modern examples of live phenomena make us virtually certain that B.M. Kozo-Polyansky’s “new principle-(1924) of the importance of symbiogenesis in the evolutionary process of at least 2000 million years of life on Earth is correct. The widely touted but undocumented explanation of the origin of evolutionary novelty by “gradual accumulation of random mutations-will be considered an erroneous early 20th century hunch proffered primarily by Englishmen, North Americans and other anglophones. They (Neodarwinist “explanations- will be replaced by the details of symbiogenesis: genetic mergers especially speciation by genome acquisition, karyotypic fissions (neocentromere formation, related chromosome change) and D.I. Williamson’s larval transfer concept for animals. Although ignored and dismissed in his life time, Kozo-Polyansky’s brilliant work will be lauded for symbiogenesis in the same style that Gregor Mendel’s studies of inheritance of “factors-in peas was for recognition of his establishment of diploid organism genetic principles by the beginning of the 20th century. My talk, photographs and moving pictures were presented at the Darwin conference, St. Petersburg, on September 23, 2009 introduced by E. Kolchinsky.