Postcranial material of Nothosaurus marchicus from the Lower Muschelkalk (Anisian) of Winterswijk, The Netherlands, with remarks on swimming styles and taphonomy

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• 作者：Nicole Klein ; Dennis F. A. E. Voeten ; Jos Lankamp…
• 关键词：Nothosaurus ; Pistosauroidea ; Morphology ; Size and Ontogeny ; Swimming style ; Taphonomy ; Nothosaurus ; Pistosauroidea ; Morphologie ; Gr枚脽e und Ontogenie ; Schwimmstil ; Taphonomie
• 刊名：Pal?ontologische Zeitschrift
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：December 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：89
• 期：4
• 页码：961-981
• 全文大小：3,241 KB
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• 作者单位：Nicole Klein (1) (2)
  Dennis F. A. E. Voeten (3)
  Jos Lankamp (4)
  Remco Bleeker (5)
  Oliver J. Sichelschmidt (6)
  Marco Liebrand (7)
  Dennis C. Nieweg (8)
  P. Martin Sander (2)
  
  1. Staatliches Museum f眉r Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191, Stuttgart, Germany
  2. Division of Paleontology, Steinmann Institute, University of Bonn, Nu脽allee 8, 53115, Bonn, Germany
  3. Department of Zoology and Laboratory of Ornithology, Palack媒 University, 17. listopadu 50, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
  4. Erve Jenneboer 75, 7623 JH, Borne, The Netherlands
  5. Kerkstraat 52, 7471 AL, Goor, The Netherlands
  6. Uhlweg 10, 51429, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
  7. Beethovenstraat 57, 7075 BD, Etten, The Netherlands
  8. Miramar Zeemuseum, Vledderweg 25, 8381 AB, Vledder, Drenthe, The Netherlands
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Paleontology
  Geology
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：1867-6812

文摘

The postcranial morphology of Nothosaurus from Winterswijk is described on the basis of three partially preserved skeletons. Because of the association with a diagnostic cranium, two of these can be confidently assigned to N. marchicus. Preserved humeri are recognized as morphotype II, which confirms the relationship between this humeral morphotype and N. marchicus. The occurrence of an additional nothosaur taxon in the Lower Muschelkalk, strong sexual dimorphism, or a broader size range of N. marchicus is evidenced again. The postcranial morphology of Nothosaurus is compared to published and new data on the basal pistosauroid (cf. Cymatosaurus) from the same locality. Numerous shared morphological characters of N. marchicus, Nothosaurus sp., and the basal pistosauroid from Winterswijk hamper assignment of isolated bones, which is presently only possible if a combination of features on multiple bones from a single individual can be assessed. Ontogenetic stage of the described skeletons is discussed as well. Differences between N. marchicus, the basal pistosauroid, and the morphologically similar, but smaller pachypleurosaur A. heterodontus are mainly related to the morphologies of the humerus, ulna, and the clavicle-interclavicle complex, and thereby indicate different modes of locomotion i.e., swimming styles. The pachypleurosaur and the basal pistosauroid were most likely anguilliform swimmers, whereas Nothosaurus also employed its forelimbs during swimming (paraxial swimming). Taphonomical observations on material of the Winterswijk locality indicate the presence of scavengers, although most disarticulated skeletons were transported by water and decayed and disintegrated in shallow water. Keywords Nothosaurus Pistosauroidea Morphology Size and Ontogeny Swimming style Taphonomy