Ecotoxicity of triphenyltin on the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus at various biological organisations: from molecular to population-level effects
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- 作者：Andy Xianliang Yi (1)
Jeonghoon Han (2)
Jae-Seong Lee (3)
Kenneth M. Y. Leung (1) - 关键词：Organotin ; Intrinsic rate of increase ; Sex ratio ; Oxidative stress
- 刊名：Ecotoxicology
- 出版年：2014
- 出版时间：September 2014
- 年：2014
- 卷：23
- 期：7
- 页码：1314-1325
- 全文大小：501 KB
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Jeonghoon Han (2)
Jae-Seong Lee (3)
Kenneth M. Y. Leung (1)
1. The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
2. Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
3. Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea - ISSN：1573-3017
文摘
Triphenyltin compounds (TPTs), as effective biocides for different industrial and agricultural purposes, have been detected in coastal marine environments worldwide, in particular in Asian countries. However, little is known about their toxicity to marine organisms. This study comprehensively investigated the molecular, individual and population responses of the marine copepod, Tigriopus japonicus upon waterborne exposure to TPT chloride (TPTCl). Our results indicated that TPTCl was highly toxic to adult T. japonicus, with a 96-h LC50 concentration at 6.3?μg/L. As shown in a chronic full life-cycle test, T. japonicus exposed to 1.0?μg/L TPTCl exhibited a delay in development and a significant reduction of population growth, in terms of the intrinsic rate of increase (r m ). Based on the negative relationship between the r m and exposure concentration, a critical effect concentration was estimated at 1.6?μg/L TPTCl; at or above which population extinction could occur. At 0.1?μg/L TPTCl or above, the sex ratio of the second generation of the copepod was significantly altered and changed to a male-biased population. At molecular level, the inhibition of the transcriptional expression of glutathione S-transferase related genes might lead to dysfunction of detoxification, and the inhibition of retinoid X receptor mRNA expression implied an interruption of the growth and moulting process in T. japonicus. As the only gene that observed up-regulated in this study, the expression of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) increased in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating its function in protecting the copepod from TPT-mediated oxidative stress. The study advances our understanding on the ecotoxicity of TPT, and provides some initial data on its toxic mechanisms in small crustaceans like copepods.