Experimental exposure of juvenile savannah monitors (Varanus exanthematicus) to an environmentally relevant mixture of three contaminants: effects and accumulation in tissues

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• 作者：Alexandre Ciliberti (1) (2)
  Samuel Martin (3)
  Eric Ferrandez (3)
  Sara Belluco (1) (4)
  Benoit Rannou (5)
  Céline Dussart (5)
  Philippe Berny (1) (2)
  Vivian de Buffrenil (6)
  
• 关键词：Squamata ; Varanus ; Oral exposure ; Lead ; DDT ; Chlorpyrifos ; Accumulation ; Animal experiment
• 刊名：Environmental Science and Pollution Research
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：May 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：20
• 期：5
• 页码：3107-3114
• 全文大小：279KB
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• 作者单位：Alexandre Ciliberti (1) (2)
  Samuel Martin (3)
  Eric Ferrandez (3)
  Sara Belluco (1) (4)
  Benoit Rannou (5)
  Céline Dussart (5)
  Philippe Berny (1) (2)
  Vivian de Buffrenil (6)
  
  1. Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France
  2. USC 1233 Métabolisme et Toxicologie Comparée des Xénobiotiques, VetAgro-Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, 1 avenue Bourgelat, 69280, Marcy-l’Etoile, France
  3. La Ferme aux Crocodiles, allée des Blachettes, 26700, Pierrelatte, France
  4. UPSP Intéractions Cellules Environnement, VetAgro-Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, 1 avenue Bourgelat, 69280, Marcy-l’Etoile, France
  5. Biovelys, Vetagro-Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, 1 avenue Bourgelat, 69280, Marcy-l’Etoile, France
  6. Département Histoire de la Terre, UMR 7207 CR2P, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
  
• ISSN：1614-7499

文摘

Using varanids as indicators of pollution in African continental wetlands was previously proposed. The present study aimed at understanding experimentally how monitors absorb and accumulate pollutants and how they are affected. The relevance of non-destructive sampling was also evaluated. Savannah monitors (Varanus exanthematicus) were orally exposed during 6?months to a mixture of lead, 4,4-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (4,4-DDT) and chlorpyrifos-ethyl (CPF) or to the vehicle only. Proportionally to their mass, exposed monitors received the same dose: 20 then 10?mg lead?kg?, 2 then 0.5?mg CPF?kg? and 4?mg 4,4-DDT?kg?. Individuals surviving contamination were euthanized after 4 or 6?months of experiment. Tissues were analysed for lead by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and for DDT and CPF by gas chromatography. Exposed monitors absorbed all three pollutants but only lead (essentially in bone, tail tips and phalanxes) and 4,4-DDT plus its main metabolites (essentially in fat and liver) accumulated. CPF killed ten individuals. Clear correlations occurred between the total quantity of lead or 4,4-DDT administered and concentrations in tissues. Tail tips and skin samples are recommended non-destructive indicators for lead and organochlorine pesticides contamination, respectively. This work confirms that monitors can be used as relevant indicators of environmental pollution by lead and organochlorine pesticides. Although varanids withstand heavy lead and DDT contamination, our results suggest that CPF can be lethal at very low doses to the herpetofauna and emphasize the importance of considering all taxa in impact assessment studies, including reptiles.