Explosive lava¨Cwater interactions II: self-organization processes among volcanic rootless eruption sites in the 1783?784 Laki lava flow, Iceland
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- 作者：Christopher W. Hamilton ; Sarah A. Fagents and Thorvaldur Thordarson
- 关键词：Volcanic rootless cones ; Pseudocraters ; Phreatomagmatic ; Explosive lava– ; water interactions ; Laki ; Iceland ; Mars
- 刊名：Bulletin of Volcanology
- 出版年：2010
- 出版时间：May, 2010
- 年：2010
- 卷：72
- 期：4
- 页码：469-485
- 全文大小：984.6 KB
文摘
We have applied quantitative geospatial analyses to rootless eruption sites in the Hn¨²ta and Hrossatungur groups of the 1783–1784 Laki lava flow to establish how patterns of spatial distribution can be used to obtain information about rootless cone emplacement processes and paleo-environments. This study utilizes sample-size-dependent nearest neighbor (NN) statistics and Voronoi tessellations to quantify the spatial distribution of rootless eruption sites and validate the use of statistical NN analysis as a remote sensing tool. Our results show that rootless eruption sites cluster in environments with abundant lava and water resources, but competition for limited groundwater in these clusters can cause rootless eruption sites to develop repelled distributions. This pattern of self-organization can be interpreted within the context of resource availability and depletion. Topography tends to concentrate lava (fuel) and water (coolant) within topographic lows, thereby promoting explosive lava–water interactions in these regions. Given an excess supply of lava within broad sheet lobes, rootless eruption sites withdraw groundwater from their surroundings until there is insufficient water to maintain analogs to explosive molten fuel–coolant interactions. Rootless eruption sites may be modeled as a network of water extraction wells that draw down the water table in their vicinity. Rootless eruptions at locations with insufficient groundwater may either fail to initiate or terminate before explosive activity has ceased at nearby locations with a greater supply of water, thus imparting a repelled distribution to observed rootless eruption sites.