Grapnelispora evansii, a new megaspore genus and species from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Australia and New Zealand, is described and illustrated. Although superficially similar to the Paleozoic ancyrospores in possessing appendages with anchor or grapnel-like tips (a feature not reported previously on Mesozoic megaspores), the new form has significantly longer appendages and a more complex internal wall structure Specimens have been recovered from wells in the Bass Strait Basins of southeastern Australia, basins along the southern margin of the continent, the Bonaparte Gulf Basin of northern Australia, and from New Zealand surface sections.