- journal_title：Journal of Paleontology
- Contributor：Walter G. Joyce ; Andrea Petričević ; Tyler R. Lyson ; Nicholas J. Czaplewski
- Publisher：Paleontological Society
- Date：2012-
- Format：text/html
- Language：en
- Identifier：10.1666/11-073.1
- journal_abbrev：Journal of Paleontology
- issn：0022-3360
- volume：86
- issue：1
- firstpage：177
- section：ARTICLES
A near complete shell from the Hemphillian 4 (Miocene/Pliocene boundary) Buis Ranch local fauna of Beaver County, Oklahoma, represents a fossil box turtle. An anterior contact of neural III and neural V with costal III and costal V only, respectively, presence of a small contact between the suprapygal and eleventh peripherals, development of a thin peripheral lip for articulation with the posterior plastral lobe, placement of the vertebral III/IV sulcus on neural VII, presence of two anterior musk duct glands, a rounded posterior plastral lobe, an elongate shell outline, and a complete neural series diagnose the fossil as a new species, <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Terrapene parornataspan> n. sp. A phylogenetic analysis of fossil box turtles places <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-2">T. parornataspan> along the phylogenetic stem of the extant taxon <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-3">T. ornataspan>. The holotype of ‘<span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-4">Terrapene longinsulaespan>’ cannot be distinguished from <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-5">Terrapene ornataspan> and is therefore synonymized. Finally, ‘<span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-6">Terrapenespan>’ <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-7">cornerispan> lacks characters of crown group <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-8">Terrapenespan> and may therefore represent a stem box turtle. The provenance of the holotype of ‘<span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-9">Terrapene longinsulaespan>’ is more poorly known than previously recognized and this specimen may originate from Kansas or Nebraska and be early Miocene to late Pleistocene in age. <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-10">Terrapene parornataspan> is therefore the oldest demonstrable representative of crown group <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-11">Terrapenespan> (ca. 5.3–4.6 Ma). ‘<span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-12">Terrapenespan>’ <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-13">cornerispan> from the late Barstovian of Nebraska and fragmentary material from the middle Barstovian of Nebraska by contrast are the oldest representative of the <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-14">Terrapenespan> lineage (ca. 14.5–11.5 Ma). A review of morphological characters related to shell kinesis reveals that most are highly correlated. The results of the phylogenetic analysis converge upon those of molecular data when these correlated characters are omitted from the analysis.