• journal_title：Clay Minerals
• Contributor：J. Carvalho ; P. Carvalho ; A.T. Pinto ; J. A. Labrincha
• Publisher：Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
• Date：2008-
• Format：text/html
• Language：en
• Identifier：10.1180/claymin.2008.043.4.10
• journal_abbrev：Clay Minerals
• issn：0009-8558
• volume：43
• issue：4
• firstpage：657
• section：Research Papers – Applied Theme

Alkaline activation involves a reaction between aluminium silicates and compounds with alkalis or alkaline-earth elements in a caustic environment and under certain thermal and pressure conditions. It has been used in the production of non-structural building materials and in so-called `green' concrete, as products display high mechanical strength, low chemical reactivity and high resistance to fire. Green concrete could be an eco-efficient alternative to concrete made using ordinary Portland cement (OPC), reducing CO₂ emissions substantially. The main goal of this work is to test common clays, glass cullet and other industrial wastes as an alternative to the commonly used binders (metakaolin or fly ash) in geopolymers. Optimized formulations show interesting mechanical strength (approaching 20 MPa) after just 48 h of curing. The addition of F-sand as aggregate minimizes the shrinkage upon curing and the amount of activator required, and increases the density/degree of compaction of the bodies, thus improving their mechanical resistance within certain limits. Curing in ambient conditions also has a beneficial affect on the mechanical strength.