• journal_title：Clays and Clay Minerals
• Contributor：Ray L. Frost
• Publisher：Clay Minerals Society
• Date：1998-
• Format：text/html
• Language：en
• journal_abbrev：Clays and Clay Minerals
• issn：0009-8604
• volume：46
• issue：3
• firstpage：280
• section：Articles

The hydroxyl deformation modes of kaolins have been studied by Fourier transform (FT) Raman spectroscopy. Kaolinites showed well-resolved bands at 959, 938 and 915 cm -1 and an additional band at 923 cm-1. For dickites, well-resolved bands were observed at 955, 936.5 915 and 903 cm-1. Halloysites showed less-resolved Raman bands at 950, 938, 923 and 895 cm-1. The first 3 bands were assigned to the librational modes of the 3 inner-surface hydroxyl groups and the 915 cm-1 band was assigned to the libration of the inner hydroxyl group. The band in the 905 to 895 cm-1 range was attributed to "free" or non-hydrogen-bonded inner-surface hydroxyl groups. The 915-cm-1 band contributed approximately 65% of the total spectral profile and was a sharp band with a bandwidth of 11.8 cm-1 for dickite, 14.0 cm-1 for kaolinites and 17.6 cm-1 for halloysites. Such small bandwidths suggest that the rotation of the inner hydroxyl group is severely restricted. For the inner-surface hydroxyl groups, it is proposed that the hydroxyl deformation modes are not coupled and that the 3 inner-surface deformation modes are attributable to the three OH2-4 hydroxyls of the kaolinite structure. For intercalates of kaolinite and halloysite with urea, a new intense band at approximately 903 cm-1 was observed with concomitant loss in intensity of the bands at 959, 938 and 923 cm-1 bands. This band was assigned to the non-hydrogen-bonded hydroxyl libration of the kaolinite-urea intercalate. Infrared reflectance (IR) spectroscopy confirms these band assignments.